Showing posts with label hindu society. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hindu society. Show all posts

Sunday, March 12, 2023

नेपाल लाई विश्व गुरु बनाउने नया जातीय व्यवस्था By Jay Sah

g]kfnnfO{ ljZju'¿ agfpg] gofF hftLo Joj:yf 


o; cWofodf tkfO{n] k|fKt ug'{x'g] dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/Lx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ .

  • hftLo åGåsf] cjwf/0ff .
  • hflt Joj:yfsf] pTklQ .
  • hftLjfbsf l;¢fGtx¿ .
  • hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/, ljsf;sf] ;doqmd / hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/sfcfwf/x¿ . -hft Joj:yfsf] pTklt slxn] eof] <_
  • hftLo Joj:yfsf] ljsf; rqm / r/0fx¿ .
  • 5't / c5't hftLo Joj:yfsf] ;'?jft .
  • hftLo Joj:yfsf] lj;+ult, Ifo / ktg .
  • cj}1flgs hftLo Joj:yfsf] xfnsf] tYofÍ . 
  • xfdLn] jt{dfg hflt Joj:yfaf6 lsg 5'6sf/f kfpg' k5{ / o;sf] ljsNk s] xf] <
  • xfdL hftLo Joj:yf / ;fdflhs ljefhgsf cGo ¿kx¿ klg lgd'{n x'g]u/L hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ lsg k"0f{ ¿kdf cGTo ub{}gf}F <
  • ;dfj]zL / k|ultzLn hflt Joj:yfsf] k|f?k s:tf] x'g'k5{ <
  • hftLo Joj:yfsf] klxrfg / 6«oflsª k|0ffnLsf] JofVof 
  • s'g} JolQmn] ;'wfl/Psf] hftLo Joj:yfdf pNn]v ul/P afx]s afx]s cGo j:t' pkef]u ul//x]sf] jf g/x]sf] af/]df s;/L klxrfg ug{] < lgltz s'df/ ;d]t dlb/f k|ltaGw ug{ c;kmn eP eg] xfdL s;/L ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}F <
  • gful/ssf] uf]klgotfsf] xs s;/L sfod x'G5 <  ;/sf/n] s;}n] s] vfG5 / s] lkpG5 eGg] ;a} tYofÍ ;Íng ug{' slt hfoh xf] <
  • gofF hft Joj:yf k|rngkl5 jt{dfg k|of]u ePsf] pkgfd  cyjf y/sf] k|of]usf] k|jGwdf s] x'G5 <
  • lxGb"x¿nfO{ hflt Joj:yf ;'wf/ lsg cfjZos 5 <
  • cDa]8s/sf ;a} cg'ofoLx¿n] %) jif{cl3 a'¢ wd{ u|x0f u/]sf] eP s] x'g ;SYof] <
  • s] cf/If0f Joj:yfn] hft k|yfaf6 ;[hgfePsf] ;d:of xn ug{ ;S5 <
  • k'/fgf] hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] gofF Joj:yfn] s;/L lj:yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 <
  • of] gofF Joj:yfsf] nflu xfdLn] ;a}nfO{ hfu[t ug{ s:tf] k|sf/sf] cleofg ug]{ <
  • dn]R5 eg]sf] sf] xf] <

 

!_ hftLo åGå s] xf] / o;nfO{ s;/L ;dfwfg ug{] <

lxGb" wd{sf ljleGg ;d'bfox¿aLr j}rfl/s cl:tTj / k|ltlglwTjsf] ;3g åGå ljBdfg 5 . sd{sf] cfwf/df z'¿ePsf] j0f{ Joj:yf hGdsf] cfwf/df ?kfGtl/t x'bf ;dfhdf ljzfn ljt[i0ff, lje]b / la;ªultsf] ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . o;n] ;[lht u/]sf] jt{dfg Joj:yfaf6 &% k|ltzt eGbf al9 gful/s lg/fz / b'vL;d]t 5g\ . Tof] cj:yfsf] h8 / cfwf/ hftLo åGå xf] . of] hftLo k|yf nueu rf/ xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] sfo{k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t / ;fdhnfO{ ljefhg pGd'v agfpg NofO{Psf] Ps v/fa / lalu|Psf] k|0ffnLaf6 pTkGg ePsf] k'0f{?kdf e|ddf cfwfl/t Joj:yf xf] . hftLo Joj:yf eg]sf] s]jn pRr hft / tNnf] hftaLrsf] ljefhg cyjf åGå dfq xf]Og . of] nfvf}F c;kmn ljjfx, cfTdxTof, ckdfgk"0f{ hLjg, cdfgjLo lje]b, pRrtd q'm/tf, bfOhf] cflb h:tf ljs[ltnfO{ dnhn ug]{ / ;dfhdf ¢0¢ a9fpg] cfwf/ klg xf] . xfdLn] clxn] ;Dd nueu rf/xhf/ jif{ o;}ul/ latfof}F  / ;s/fTds ;'wf/sf] nflu ca w]/} kv{g lxts/ x'b}g . ;dfhdf oL ;a} åGåx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ lsgeg] xfdLn] xfd|f] hflt Joj:yfdf ljut rf/ xhf/ jif{df s'g} ;'wf/ u/]gf}F . ;dfhnfO{ s]xL k/:k/ lj/f]wL ;d"xdf ljefhg ul/;s]sf] k"0f{tof e|fds, ¢0¢pGd'v / lav08gsf/L o:tf] ;fdflhs k|0ffnL ef/tdf s]xL nfv dfq hg;+Vof ePsf] / ;Dk"0f{ pkdxflåkdf lxGb" wd{ dfq Pp6} wd{ ePsf] a]nf z'?jft ul/Psf] lyof] . hftLo k|yf ;fdflhs ljefhgsf] Ps k'/fgf] k|0ffnL xf] h;n] ;dfhsf] ;fgf] hg;+Vofsf] nflu dfq sfd ub{5 . o;n] dflg;x¿ / ;d'bfo aLr zflGtk"0f{ ;fdflhs ;befj sfod ug'{sf] ;§f ;fdflhs ljefhg / åGå l;h{gf ug{ yk ;xh  cj:yf agfpF5 . k'FhLjfbn] auL{o Joj:yf;Fu} lgDTofPsf] hflt Joj:yfn] ef/tLo ;dfhnfO{ clws kIfdf ;fdflhs åGådf k'o{fPsf] 5 / Tof] 36\g'sf] ;f6f] lbgk|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .


t;y{ hflt Joj:yf lsg cfljisf/ ul/Psf] lyof], cfhsf] ;dodf of] lsg ;fGble{s 5}g / o;sf] nflu pQd clg pko'Qm ;dfwfg cyjf k|lt:yfkg k|0ffnL s] xf] eGg] s'/f dgg ug'{ cfj:os x'G5 . 


hflt Joj:yfsf] pTklQ

ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf hflt Joj:yfsf] pTklQdfly tLg k|sf/sf bfaLd'ns JofVofx¿ b]lvG5g\ .  

!_ a|fXd0fx¿ åf/f ul/Psf] JofVof

@_ u}/a|fXd0fx¿ åf/f ul/Psf] JofVof

#_ ljb]zLx¿åf/f ul/Psf JofVof 


olb s;}n] clxn]sf k':ts e08f/ / k':tsfnox¿df uO{ jt{dfgdf pknAw ;flxTo cyjf cGo u|Gy jf ;fdflu|x¿ dfk{mt hflt Joj:yfsf] jf:tljs Oltxf; vf]Hg] k|of; uof]{ eg] s]jn c;kmntf cg'ej ug'{dfq x'G5 . lnkL / n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ nuQ} hftLo Joj:yfsf] z'?jft eof] . To;kl5sf] b'{OtLg xhf/ jif{;Dd n]vg k|0ffnLnfO{ cfljisf/ ug{] JolQmx¿n] of] gofF hftLo Joj:yf / o;sf] Oltxf; n]vgsf] clwsf/nfO{ k'0f{tof cfk\mgf] dfq lgoGq0fdf /fv]  . tLgxhf/ jif{sf] ;dofjlw eg]sf] dflg;x¿sf] nflu clen]v gePsf] / gul/Psf] Oltxf; la;{g ko{fKt ;do xf] . / olb s'g} s[lQd tyf cfwf/lxg syf Pj+ Oltxf; tLg xhf/ jif{ klxn] clen]lvt /x]5 eg] dflg;x¿n] Tof] syf cyjf JofVofx¿nfO{ dfq ;Tosf] ¿kdf ljZjf; ug{ ;'? ug{ / :yflkt agfpg ;d]t kof{Kt g} ;do xf] . To;}n] cfh xfdLn] hflt Joj:yfsf] af/]df h] klg kfpF5f}F tL clen]v / k|df0fx?df emG8} tLgxhf/ jif{ klxn] cfkm\gf] cfjZostf / ;jf]{Rrtf cg'¿k dfq ;a} s'/f n]Vg] a|fXd0fx¿n] n]v]sf n]vx¿nfO{ g} ;|f]tsf ?kdf lng'kg]{ jfWotf kb{5 . clxn]sf] @! cf}F ztfAbLdf pknAw cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] plrt ljZn]if0f, a;fOF;/fOsf] 9fFrf / s]xL ;fdfGo 1fgn] xfdLnfO{ xhf/f}+ jif{b]lv al~rt u/fO{Psf  km/s ;Totf a'e\mg eg] lgs} ;xh x'G5 .

 

s]xL pknAw tyfslyt hflt l;¢fGtx¿ 

!_ cfo{g / ›ljl8og hflt l;¢fGt

cfo{–›lj8 l;¢fGt cfwf ;To / cfwf unt l;¢fGt xf], / o;sf] hflt Joj:yf;Fu s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . xhf/f}F jif{ klxn] ha dflg;x¿n] t/jf/sf] cfljisf/ u/] ta sltkon] ;dfhnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{] ;Gbe{df t/jf/sf] zlQmnfO{ clenDj / b't|¿kdf a'em]sf lyP . clg pgLx¿n] t/jf/sf] ;xf/fdf zlQm k|fKt ug{ cGo /fHox¿ 3'Dg yfn] . t/jf/kl5 n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ gx'bf;Dd csf]{ s]xL ;of}F jif{ gofF s'g} zlQmzfnL dfWod jf xltof/sf] cfljisf/ ePg . w]/} kl5 dflg;x¿n] sndsf] cfljisf/ u/] . sndsf] zlQm a'em]sf tTsflng s]xL JolQmx¿n] sndsf] sf/0f zlQm k|fKt ug{ ljleGg If]qdf a;fO{;/fO{ u/] clg n]Vg] lzk tyf bIftf ePs} sf/0f cfk"mnfO{ lzlIft k'hf/L, Oltxf;sf/ / clwsf/Lx¿sf ¿kdf :yflkt u/] . k};fsf] cfljisf/df ;d]t ;dfg cj:yf aGof] . dflg;x¿n] k};fsf] cfljisf/ u/] . ;a} t xf]Og t/ dflg;x¿sf s]xL ;d"xn] k};fsf] zlQmnfO{ c?eGbf klxn] g} a'em]sf lyP . To;}n] k};fsf] zlQmnfO{ klxn] a'em]sf dflg;x¿ k};fsf] zlQm b]vfP/ cfk\mgf] clei7 k"/f ug{ ljleGg If]qdf afl;Gbf aGg uP . t/jf/ ePsfx¿nfO{ cfo{ / If]qL, snd ePsfx¿nfO{ a|fXd0f clg k};fsf nflu jf sf/0fn] a;fOF ;/]sfx¿nfO{ df/jf8L elgGYof] . o;/L a;fO{;/]/ cfPsf tLg}j6f ;d'x tTsflng ›lj8x¿sf] ax';+Vos hg;+Vof ePsf If]qsf cfk|jf;L x'g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a} ›lj8 ;Eotfdf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP h'g ›lj8 ;Eotf u+uf ;Eotf / blIf0f ef/tLo If]qdf ljsl;t ljzfn / lj/f6 ;Eotf xf] . O:nfd ;d'bfon] ;a} cfo{ / a|fXd0fx¿sf] ;+:s[lt, Oltxf; / pTklQsf] j0f{g ul/Psf] l;+w' ;Eotfsf ;a} clen]vx¿ ;d]t lgoGq0fdf lnP . df/jf8Lx¿sf] Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt / clen]vx¿ eg] cem} klg cIf'0f 5g\ lsgeg] d'l:ndx¿n] tL l5d]sLx¿nfO{ w]/} xflg k'{ofpg ;s]gg\ .


@_ dl:tisaf6 a|fXd0f, kfv'/faf6 If]qL, lt3|faf6 j}Zo / v'§faf6 z'› pTkGg ePsf x'g\ elgG5 .


of] efio a|fXd0fn] cfk\mgf] ar{:jsf] bfaLnfO{ ;dy{g ug{sf nflu tof/ kf/]sf] k"0f{tof em'6f] syf xf] . ;a}sf] pTklQ cfdfafa'sf] z'qmsL6 / l8DaaLrsf] ;dfudaf6 ePsf] xf] . k/dfTdf a|+xaf6 cfTdf afx]s s]xL cfpFb}g . a|+xhLsf] j/bfgaf6 dftfsf] ue{df cfTdfn] dfq ofqf u5{ .


#_ sd{sf08, ;]gf, Jofkf/ / >d h:tf sfddf cfwfl/t hftLo ljefhg .

of] a'e\mgeGbf klxn] xfldn] Pp6f emfqmL / a|fXd0faLrsf] leGgtf yfxf kfpFbf ;lhnf] x'G5 . cflbd ;dfh / k|flrg k|rngdf k9\g n]Vg ghfGg] hf] sf]xL klg emfqmL x'grflxF ;Sy] eg] dGq k9\g / n]Vg;d]t cEo:t ePsfx¿dfq a|fXd0f sxlnGy] . n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g' cl3, cfj:os l/ltl/jfh tyf k'hfcr{gfsf ;+:sf/x¿ yfxf kfPsf] v08df h'g;'s} kl/jf/af6 hf] sf]xL klg emfqmL aGg ;Sy] . o:tf lgodx¿ cem} klg clk|msL b]zx¿df ljBdfg 5g\ . of] k|fs[lts lgod g} xf] . l;Gw' pkTosf cfwfl/t ;Eotfdf n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ ePkl5 dfq a|fXd0f zAbsf] pTklQ eof] . l;Gw'af6 la/f6 u+uf ;Eotfdf uP/ j;fO{;/]sfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ a|fXd0f eGg yfn] . l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 a|fXd0fx¿sf] a;fO{;/fO{ cl3 k|To]s /fHodf xhf/f}+ k'hf/Lx¿ lyP . a|fXd0f zAbsf] k|of]u x'g'eGbf cufj} k]zfut sfo{ ljefhg, ;]gf, Jofkf/ / >dsf] cl:tTj lyof] eg]/ ljZjdf xhf/f}F k|df0fx¿ 5g\ . s'g} cf}krfl/s gfd / klxrfg lbg'kg]{ clGtd hftrflxF a|fXd0f lyof] . If]qL, j}Zo / z'›sf] cl:tTj a|fXd0f hflt / hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ x'g'cl3 b]lvg} :yflkt lyof] . If]qL zf;s ePsf] ;dfhdf If]qL, j}Zo / z'› ;xcl:tTjk'0f{ ;Ddfgsf ;fy a;f]af; uy{] . ToxfF j}Zo / z'› aLr s'g} hftLo e]befj jf ljefhg lyPg .  lxGb" wd{sf rf/ j0f{sf ¿kdf a|fXd0f, If]qL, j}Zo / z'› eg]/ tf]lsg' jf gfdfs/0f ug'{ k'j{ g} tL vfnsf sfo{ ljefhgx¿ ;dfhdf :yflkt lyP . 


hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ slxn] ePsf] xf] <

o;nfO{ a'e\mgsf] nflu xfdLn] of] ;TonfO{ :jLsf/ ug{'k5{ ls ;+:s[t g} ljZjsf] klxnf] efiff xf] / ef/tLo pkdxfåLksf afl;Gbfx¿n] ;a}eGbf klxn] n]vg k|0ffnLsf] z'?jft u/] . ;a}nfO{  of] ;To :jLsf/ ug{ c;xh xf]nf xf]nf, t/ oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ ;+:s[t efiffsf] k|of]u cfk}\m nf]k eof]  . ;To of] xf] ls n]vg k|0ffnL ;+:s[tdfq af]lng] /fHodf a:g] dflg;x¿n] cfljisf/ u/]sf] x'gfn] af]lnrflnsf] ;+:s[t efiffrflxF lj:tf/} nf]k eof] . o;sf] jf:tljstf af/] hfGg' ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . k|frLg sfndf n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g'cl3 ljleGg efiff af]lng] /fHox¿ lyP t/ oL ;a}nfO{ Pscsf{aLr 7"nf] b"/L / 3gf hËnn] 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] . Tolt a]nf g]kfnL, lxGbL, pb'{ h:tf efiffsf] ljsf; e};s]sf] lyPg . tL k'/fgf / b'/df cjl:yt /fHox¿df a+ufnL, d}lynL, ef]hk'/L, u'h/ftL, tfldn, t]n]u', dnofnd, k~hfaL, ;+:s[t, pl8of, xl/of0fjL, sGg8, /fh:yfgL cflb lyP . ;+:s[t efiff af]Ng] /fHosf dflg;x¿ n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/kl5 ;flxTo, wd{ / lzIffsf] k|rf/k|;f/ / k|jw{gdf 7"nf] eljio clg ;Defjgf b]v]/ ljleGg lbzfdf a;fOF ;/] . h:tf] ls k|To]s efifL ;d'bfodf sl/j Ps nfv afl;Gbf lyP eg] kfFr cyjf 5 xhf/ hltsf] ;+Vofdf ;+:s[tefifLx¿ ;+:s[t efifL ;d'bfoaf6 cGo efiff afNg] ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf ePsf] km/s km/s /fHodf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP . kl/0ffdtM nueu Ps Nffv a/fa/sf] a+ufnL, d}lynL, u'h/ftL cflb efifL ;d'bfodf s]jn kfFr cyjf 5 xhf/ dfq} ;+:s[t af]Ng] dflg;x¿ ldl;Psfn] oL ;+:s[t afNg]x¿n] cfk\mgf] dft[efiff u'dfP . t/ olx ;dov08df cGo ;a} ;d'bfon] b]jgfu/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] dft[lnlksf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/] . oxL sf/0fn] af]lnrfnLsf] ;+:s[t efiff nf]k eof] t/ b]jgfu/L lnlkrflxF ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf l5§} Jofks aGof] . ;+:s[t dft[efiff af]Ng] ;d'bfodf afFsL /x]sf dflg;x¿n] klg of] efiffnfO{ km:6fpg ;Sy] . t/ pgLx¿ ;d]t l;+xf;gsf] nf8fO{sf nflu ljleGg :yfgLo /fhfx?aLr ePsf o'¢x¿n] /  O:nflds cfqmd0fsf] sf/0fn] ltt/ljt/ x'g k'u] / clt cNk;+Vos eP / cGTodf eflifs klxrfg ;d]t u'dfP . 


n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/sf sf/0f a|fXd0fx¿sf] ljrf/sf] cfljisf/ eof] .

n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g' cl3 ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf ljleGg efifLx¿ ePsf ;o eGbf a9L ;fgf;fgf /fHox¿ lyP . hxfF cfwf/e't k'hfkf7sf] ;+:sf/ / k|rng hfGg] yf]/} dflg;x¿nfO{ pgLx¿ h'g;'s} kl/jf/df hlGdPsf] eP klg k'hf/L÷emfqmLsf] sfd lbOGYof] . k|To]s /fHodf of] rng cljl5Gg lyof] . t/ Pp6f /fHo hxfFsf] dft[efiff ;+:s[t lyof] To;n] n]vg l;ksf] cfljisf/ uof]{ . To;kl5 dft[efiff ;+:s[t ePsf] Tof] /fHosf k'hf/Lx¿n] cfk\mgf wfld{s cg'i7fg, l/tLl/jfh / k|rngx?nfO{ dGq / cGo k|flrg u|Gyx¿sf ¿kdf atfpFb} tL ;a}nfO{ ;+:s[t lnlkdf n]lv clen]lvs/0f ug{ yfn] . To;}a]nf cGo /fHosf k'hf/Lx¿n] eg] k'/fgf] df}lns ;+:sf/nfO{ k5\ofO/x]sf lyP . kl5 ;+:s[t eflifsf] /fHoaf6 lzlIft k'hf/Lx¿ tL cGo ;oeGbf al9 ljljw eflifsf] /fHodf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP / ToxfF pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ a|fXd0f eg]/ lrgfpg yfn] . tL k|jf;L lzlIft k'hf/Lx¿ -clxn]sf a|fXd0fx¿_ n] j;fO{ ;/]sf ;a} /fHosf yf]/ ax't :yfgLo af]nL tyf efiff ckgfP t/ abnfdf pgLx¿n] tL ;a} /fHox¿df lnlvt sfdsfhsf] nflu ;+:s[t lnlk / efiff clgjfo{ agfO{lbP .


If]qL, j}Zo / z'›x¿ eg] a|fXd0fx¿sf] cfudg cl3b]lv g} tL ;dfhdf a;f]af; uy]{ . a|fXd0f cfPkl5 dfq pgLx?n] cfk\mgf] k]zf /f]h]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . t/ a|fXd0fx¿sf] cfudg / lzIff k|0ffnL kl5 of] k|rng cem km/s / lj:tfl/t eof] . n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ kl5 l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 u+uf / ef/tsf] cGo ;Eotfdf a;fOF ;/]sf zfsfxf/L k'hf/Lx¿;Fu dGqsf] cjwf/0ff / lnlkx¿ ;d]t cfot ePsf lyP . oL lzlIft k'hf/Lx¿n] clzlIft k'hf/LnfO{ k|lt:yfkg u/] / pgLx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ a|fXd0f ePsf] bfaL u/] . lzlIft, zfsfxf/L a|fXd0fx¿ a;fOF ;bf{;Dd ;a} hfltx¿ sfd, k]zf, Joj;fo / hflu/sf ;jfndf Pscs{f;Fu ;xsfo{df lyP . t/ cfk|jf;L k'hf/Lx¿rflxF :yfgLox¿;Fu gldl;P/ cfkm\gf] klxrfgnfO{ km/s / ljlzi7 ePsf] b]vfpg ?rfpFy] . o; cfzon] ubf{ sfnGt/df Pp6} hftdf dfq ljjfxsf] cjwf/0ff ljsl;t eof] .


lgisif{M n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ x'g'eGbf cufl8 geO{ n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ kl5dfq tTsflng ;d'bfosf] ljBdfg ;d"xeGbf aflx/af6 cfPsf] k|jf;L ;d'xn] hftLo Joj:yfsf] z'?jft u/fPsf] xf] . o;sf] s'g} Psdfq ldltsf] af/]df Plsg ug{ Tolt ;xh 5}g lsgls Ps /fHoaf6 ;Dk"0f{ ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf k"0f{ ¿kdf hflt Joj:yfsf] cjwf/0ff agfpg / cEof; km}nfpg s]xL ;o jif{ t cj:o nfUof] xf]nf .


hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ lsg eof] <

s]jn  ;dfhnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ Pp6f cf}hf/ rflxG5 eGg] 7fg]/ g} a|fXd0fx¿n] hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ u/]sf eg] xf]Ogg\ . Tof] t ;dosf] cfjZostf ;d]t lyof] . Pp6f dfq ;d:of of] aGg k'Uof] ls pgLx¿n] s7f]/ hflt k|0ffnL cfljisf/ u/] h;df dflg;x¿n] hft cg';f/sf] tf]lsPsf] tTsflns cfr/0f 5f]8\g ;S5g\ t/ gofF cfr/0f cg'z/0f ubf{ gofF hftdf ;fd]n x'g eg] ;Sb}gg\ . of] s'/f xfdL kl/jf/;lxt ljb]z ;o/df cyjf j;fO{df x'Fbf /fd|f];Fu a'em\g ;lsG5 . clxn]sf] cd]l/sf tLgxhf/ jif{ klxn]sf] ef/t h:tf] cfk|jf;L e'ld xf] . oxfF klg ToxL k|0ffnL ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . Ps u'h/ftL csf]{ u'h/ftL kl/jf/ leq dfq lax] ug{ rfxG5, Ps k~hfaL s]jn k~hfaL ;d'xdf dfq ljjfx ug{ rfxG5, Ps g]kfnL klg ldn];Dd Ps g]kfnL kl/jf/df dfq ljjfx ug{ rfxG5 . cfo{x¿ nufot a|fXd0fx¿ hf] xhf/ jif{ klxn] cfkm\gf] dft[e"ldaf6 cfPsf lyP cyjf pgLx¿sf] dft[e"ld;Fu s'g} ;DaGw lagf a;fOF ;/]sf lyP, pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] klxrfg hLljt /fVgsf] nflu Pp6} ;d'bfodf ljjfx ug{' jfWotf lyof] . oxL sf/0fn] pgLx¿nfO{ gofF ;fd'bflos Joj:yf jf hftLo Joj:yfsf] lgd{f0ftkm{ 8f]of{of] . cfhsn k|ljlw olt pRrultdf ljsl;t ePsf] 5 ls xfdL s]xL lbgs} ofqfdf g} cd]l/sf b]lv g]kfn jf ef/t ;Ddk'uL lax] ug{ / kms{g ;S5f}F . @))) jif{cl3 Tof] cj:yf lyPg . To; ;do Ps} k6sdf :yfoL a;fOF;/fO{ x'GYof] . dft[e'ld lt/ k'g M kms{]/ cfpg ;Dej lyPg . o;}n] xfdL ;lhn} cg'dfg ug{ ;S5f}F ls hftLo Joj:yf d'Votof b'O{j6f p2]Zosf nflu aGof] . dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu / Pp6} cfxf/ ;+/rgf ePsf dflg;x¿sf] ;d'bfo lgdf{0fsf] nflu o;sf] z'?jft eof] lsgsL dflg;nfO{ w]/} ;d"xdf ljeflht ug{ To;;do wd{ nufotsf cGo s'g} cEof; ;dfhdf ljBdfg lyPgg\ . t];|f] eg]sf] >]i7tfsf] x}sdafhL rnfpg' xf] . 


s_ dlxnfx¿sf] ;'/Iff Pj+ ;'ljwf / ljjfxsf] p2]Zosf nflu 

tnsf b'O{j6f a'Fbfx¿n] ef/tLo pkdxfåLkdf w]/} Jofks /x]sf] k/Dk/fut dflu ljjfxsf] ;xhLs/0f / ;'ljwfsf pb]:on] hflt Joj:yf s;/L lgd{f0f ul/Psf] lyof] egL JofVof u5{ .


c_ rf]/L ljjfxaf6 s]6Lx¿sf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu M hftLo Joj:yf /lxt k|frLg ;dodf Ps s]6fn] sf]xL s]6L;Fu ljjfx ug{ / csf]{ ufpFdf uP/ k'g M csf}{ s]6L;Fu ljjfx ug{ k'/fk'/ 5'6 / ;xh ;d]]t lyof] . lsgeg] k'/fgf] hdfgfdf h'g;'s} kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ hf];'s};Fu klg ljjfx ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf lyof] . ToxfF s'g} ljjfx btf{ / /]sl8{ª k|0ffnL lyPg . To;}n] hft / hftLo Joj:yfsf cu'jfO{ ug]{ dflg; dfq ToxfF pknAw /]sl8{ª k|0ffnLsf ?kdf sfd uYo]{ lsgsL o;af6 abdfz s]6fx?af6 x'g;Sg] 7uL jf e'm6 ljjfx /f]Sgs nfuL ;xof]u x'GYof] .  o; jfWotfn] lglZrt uof]{ ls s'g} s]6fn] Pp6} hftsf dflg;x¿;Fu dfq ljjfx ug'{kg]{5 . Pp6} hftsf ;o hgf / ToxL hftsf y'k|} dfGohgsf] hGtL lnP/ Pp6} hftsf aw'nfO{ ljjfxf ubf{ pQm ;d'xsf ;a}nfO{ ljjfx ePsf] s'/f yfxf kfpg ;xh x'GYof] . Pp6f hftsf] dfGohgn] cGo !) km/s hftsf dfGhg;Fu ;Dk{s / ;DjGw /fVYof] . o;sf] cy{ s] xf] eg] tL dfGohg k'/ftg ;dosf 8f6f ;]G6/ lyP h;nfO{ clxn] sDKo'6/ / ;/sf/L sfo{non] lj:yflkt u/]sf] 5 .

 

cf_ ljjfxkl5 s]6Lx¿nfO{ åGåaf6 6f9f /fVg M ;dfhdf ;lbof}Fb]vL ljleGg k|sf/sf cfxf/ ;+/rgf / lgod ePsf dflg;x¿ lyP / cem} 5g\  . sf]xL df;' vfb}gg\, sf]xL s'v'/f vfG5g\, sf]xL s'v'/f vfb}gg\, sf]xL v;Lafv|f vfG5g\, sf]xL ;'Fu'/sf] df;' vfG5g\, sf]xL uf}dftf df+;xf/ u5{g\ . hft / s'n b]jtfn] ljleGg ;+:s[ltsf s]6Lx¿nfO{ cGo km/s ;+:s[ltdf c;xh jftfj/0f gk/f];\ egL ;'lglZrt ug{] ub{y] . cGoyf o;n] dlxnflj?¢ lx+;fsf] ;Defjgf k}bf ug{;SYof]  .


O_ klxrfg hf]ufpg M dfly j0f{g ul/P cg';f/ Tof] k'/ftg ;dodf a;fO;/fO eg]sf] dft[e"ld;Fu s'g} ;DaGw / k'g{cfudg gePsf] s]jn PstkmL{ a;fO;/fO lyof] . pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs klxrfgnfO{ cIf'0f /fVgsf] nflu Pp6} ;d'bfodf ljjfx ug{' cfjZos lyof] . / o;}n] pgLx¿n] hflt Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ u/] .


dlxnfsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ / k|j{wg ul/Psf] xf] . t/ of] PstkmL{ 9f]sf ePsf] 3/ h:tf] ¿kdfdfq agfOPsf] lyof] h'g aflx/ dfq v'N5, leq vf]lnb}g . dflg;n] hft cg';f/sf] cfr/0f 5f]8\g ;S5, t/ gofF cfr/0f cg';f/ csf]{ hftdf hf]l8g ;Sb}g . ca gful/ssf ;a} tYof+s /fVg]  / cWofjlws ug]{ Joj:yf tyf ;Ifdtf gePsf] k'/fgf] /fHosf] Joj:yfsf] cj:yf 5}g . bz xhf/ dfOn 6f9f ePsf hgtfsf] klg tYof+s /fVg];Sg] j[xt ;/sf/sf] cjwf/0ff / cEof; :yflkt e};s]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ljsf;qmdsf sf/0f k'/fgf] hft Joj:yf cg'kof]uL / c;kmn eO{;s]sf] 5 . ca cfxf/sf] cfwf/df gofF hft Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0fdfq jf:tljs nf]stflGqs hft Joj:yf x'g]5 . o;n] ubf{ s;}nfO{ klg hftLo klxrfg n'sfpg' kg]{, tf]8df]8 ug'{kg]{ / To;df lxgtfjf]w ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5}g . 


Vf_ Pp6} cfxf/ ;+/rgfsf] ;d'x:t/df /xg 

xfdLn] s] vfG5f}F  / s;/L vfG5f}F eGg] s'/fn] klg xfd|f] hflt Joj:yfnfO{ 7"nf] k|efj kf/]sf] x'G5 . cfhsf] ;Gbe{df of] clns ck|f;+lus nfUg ;S5 t/ ha xfdLn] dfgj Jojxf/ / vfB ;|f]tsf] Oltxf;sf] ljsf;sf] cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg u5f}{F To;avt xfdL of] ;lhn} a'e\mg]5f}F . ;doqmdsf] cfwf/df o;nfO{ $ r/0fdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .


c_ Tof] ;do cjlw hltv]/ dflg;x¿n] obfsbf h+unL sGbd'n, kmnk'mn tyf ljz]ifu/L lzsf/df dfg{ ;Sg] s'g} klg k|sf/sf] hgfj/ vfGy], agljxf/ uy]{, al:tdf xf]Og h+undf g} a:y] .

cf_ Tof] ;do cjlw hltv]/ dflg;x¿n] ;fgf ;d'bfox¿sf] ljsf;qmd ;'? u/] / ltgLx¿n] ck\mgf jl/kl/ ;fgf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/x¿ kfNg yfn] . vfgfsf] cEof; lzsf/dfq af6 3/kfn'jf hgfj/sf] lzsf/ clg kmnkm"ndf ;d]t ul/ tLgj6} cEof;sf] cjnDjgdf kl/jt{g eof] .

O_ To;kl5sf] ;do cjlw ha dflg;x¿n] v]tLkftL ug{ yfn] / vfB Jojxf/ tyf cfr/0f lzsf/, 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ / kmnkm"naf6 s[lifdf kl/jt{g eof] . yf]/f} dfqdf 3/kfn'jf hgfj/, Ps bd lj/n}dfqdf cyjf lzsf//lxt cfr/0fsf] cEof; z'?jft eof] .

O{_ zfsfxf/jfbsf] cfudg / 5gf}6 ul/Psf] lglZrt 3/kfn'jf hgfj/dfqsf] lzsf/ vfg] vfg] cEof;sf] ;do cjlw hltv]/ Ps JolQmn] cGo k|sf/sf] df;' vfg] dflg;x¿;Fu c;xh cg'ej ug{ / 6f9f /xg yfn]sf] ;do .


o; af/]df s'g} clen]lvt ul/Psf] Oltxf; t 5}g, t/ d cfZj:t x'g ;S5' ls dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ ;dfhsf] ljsf;qmddf t];|f] r/0f ;Dd s'g} hftLo lje]b lyPg . t];|f] r/0f;Dd h'g;'s} hftsf dflg;n] h'g;'s} hftsf dflg;;Fu ljjfx ug{ / vfgf vfg ;xh dxz'if ug]{ cj:yf lyof] . zfsfxf/jfbsf] cfudg;Fu} s]jn 5gf}6 ul/Psf k|sf/sf dfq 3/kfn'jf hgfj/ df;+xf/ -h:t} s;}n] v;L vfg] t/ s'v'/f / ;'Fu'/ gvfg], s;}n] v;L / s'v'/f vfg] t/ ;'Fu'/ gvfg], s;}n] v;Lafv|f  s'v'/f / ;'Fu'/sf] df;' vfg] t/ uf}dftf df+;fxf/ gug]{, s;}n] v;Lafv|f s'v'/f / ufO{sf] df;' vfg] t/ ;'Fu'/ df+;fxf/ gug]{, / s;}n]rflxF s's'/afx]s ;a} k|sf/sf df+;xf/ ug]{_ ug]{ Jojxf/sf sf/0fn] dflg;x¿n] Pscsf{k|ltsf] cfk\mgf] b[li6sf]0f kl/jt{g ug{ yfn] . Ps ;do lyof] hltv]/ l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 u+uf ;Eotfdf a;fO{ uPsf ;t k|ltzt a|fXd0f zfsfxf/L lyP . of] tYofÍ clxn] $–% k|ltztdf dfq l;ldt 5 . s'v'/fsf] df;' vfg] JolQmn] s's'/sf] df;' vfg] JolQm;Fu Pp6} 6]andf j;]/ vfgf vfg rfxFb}g . of] ;fdflhs Jojxf/n] xfdLnfO{ af]w u/fpg] 5 ls lsg dflg;x¿ Pp6} ljrf/wf/fsf ;d'bfo / ;dfg vfnsf] hLjgcfr/0f ePsf] ;dfh vf]H5g\ . cfxf/ lj1fg Pp6} ljrf/wf/fsf] nflu w]/} kIfdWo] Ps k|wfg vf]hL xf] .


u_ >]i7tfsf] x}sd hdfpg

ha dflg;x¿n] hflt Joj:yfsf] af/]df ;f]Rg yfn], ta pgLx¿n] hftLo Joj:yfdf ljrf/ / Jojxf/x¿sf] ;ld>0f u/fpg yfn] tfls a|fXd0f Pj+ If]qL hftn] pkNnf] ;fdflhs x}l;ot k|fKt ub}{ zLif{ :yfgdf /xg ;s'g\ clg cGo hftx¿nfO{ tNnf] l:yltdf 5f8\b} Tof] ;d'xdfly x}sd / k|efj hdfpg ;s'g .


hflt Joj:yfsf] ljsf;qmd 

dfgj hËnL o'uaf6 aflx/ lgl:sP kl5 ljgf s'g} /f]dfGrs cfljisf/ xhf/ jif{;Dd  v]tLdf cfwfl/t cflbd ;dfhdf /xof] . 

!_ dfgjn] s]xL ;fgf cf}hf/x¿ nufot t]n, sk8f, df5fkfng, jfOg/L h:tf Joj;fox¿ cfljisf/;Fu}  k'hf/L -a|fXd0f xf]Og_ / ;d'bfosf g]tfx¿ -of]¢fx¿ xf]Og_ sf] ljsf; u/] . hf] sf]xLnfO{ klg cfk\mgf] OR5fsf] cfwf/df s'g} klg j}wflgs k]zf ;'? ug{ k'0f{ Ohfht  lyof] . xhf/f}F jif{b]lv cjnDjg ePsf] hGdhftsf] kfl/jfl/s k]zfsf] sf/0fn] s;}nfO{ klg cfkmgf] O{R5f nfu]sf] hflu/ cyjf Joj;fodf ;DnUg /xgnfO{ afwf lyPg . 

@_ dfgjn] wft' lj1fg / xltof/x¿ cfljisf/ u/] t/ %)) b]vL xhf/ jif{sf] nflu s'g} gofF cGo cfljisf/ lagf ;dfhnfO{ rnfodfg agfP . zf;s au{ ;DjlGw ljrf/sf] ljsf;qmdn] ;dfhdf If]qL ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0f eof] . 

#_ dflg;n] k};f cfljisf/ uof]{ h;n] qmo laqmosf] ljrf/ tyf Jojxf/sf] ljsf; u/fof] . h'g cGtt M kfr b]vL bz;o ;Dd jif{sf] cjlwdf Jokf/L ju{ jf j}Zo ;d'bfosf] lgdf{0fdf kl/0ft eof] . 

$_ dfgjn] cfljisf/ u/]sf] n]vg k|0ffnLn] a|fXd0f gfds gofF hft u7g uof]{ . ltgLx¿n] kl5 ;fdflhs ljefhgsf] cfk'm;'xfpFbf] clen]v k|:t't u/] h'g sfdsf cfwf/df xf]Og hGdsf cfwf/df lgwf{l/t eof] .


dflysf] 36gfqmdaf6 xfdL ;lhn} cg'dfg nufpg ;S5fF} ls xfd|f k'vf{x¿n] lgd{f0f u/]sf] k|flrg cyjf cflbd ;Eotfsf] sl/a tLg xhf/ jif{kl5 ;Dd klg hftLo Joj:yf cl:tTjdf cfPsf] lyPg . / rfF8} of] k]zf cyjf sfd cfwfl/t k|0ffnLaf6 hGd cfwfl/t k|0ffnLdf ljs[t ¿kfGt/0f eof] . tkfO{ xfdLnfO{ nfUg ;S5 hftLo Joj:yfsf] cEof; x'g xhf/f}F jif{ nfUof], To;}n] xfdL s;/L 5f]6f] ;dodf hftLo Joj:yf cGTo ug{ ;S5f}F / < t/ of] unt j'emfO{ xf] . hftLo Joj:yfsf] ljrf/ s'g} Ps a|fXd0faf6 NofOPsf] x'g ;S5 / s'g} Ps /fHodf /fhfdfk{mt nfu" u/fO{Psf] jf afWosf/L kfl/Psf] x'g;S5  . To;kl5 /fhfn] ;DjlGwt /fHodf hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf clen]lvt hftLo cEof;sf ?kdf ;+:yfut ug{ s]xL ;ftfleq} nfu" ul/;s]sf x'g ;S5g\ . of] Pp6f /fHodf km}lng s]xL jif{ nfu]sf] x'g;S5 / nueu !)) jif{sf] ;dodf x/]s /fHodf k}mlnPsf] x'g;S5 / To;kl5 of] xhf/f}F jif{ cyjf clxn];Dd cl:tTjdf /x]sf] 5 . dtnj, hftLo Joj:yfsf] cjwf/0ff b'O{ jif{df g} aGof] t/ k|rf/k|;f/ x'g / ;a}lt/ k}mngrflxF ;o jif{ nfUof] . z'?jft b]vL cGo If]qdf k}mng s]xL bzsdfq nfu]sf] hftLo Joj:yf xhf/f}+ jif{;Dd l6s]sf] 5 . ca o;nfO{ k|lt:yfkg ug{] ;do eof] . xf], ;xL / ;d'lrt tof/L u/]df k"j{ tof/L ;do afx]s s/Lj b'O{b]vL tLg jif{df hftLo Joj:yf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsG5 . ;Dk"0f{  k|0ffnL / sfo{ljlw lgd{f0f ug{ b]z}el/ yk tLg jf rf/ jif{ nfUg ;S5 .


n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/, a|fXd0fx¿sf] cfljisf/ / pgLx¿sf] ;fd"lxs a;fOF;/fOsf] cfwf/df hftLo Joj:yfsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ b'O{ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .


!_ a|fXd0f ;d'bfo u7g x'g' cl3 l;Gw' ;Eotf / u+uf ;Eotfsf] hftLo Joj:yf

dflg;x¿df sfdsf] ljefhg lyof] t/ pgLx¿sf cfdfafa'n] jf j+zn] k/Dk/fut ¿kdf Tof] sfd ul//x]sf] sf/0fn] k|To]s k':tfdf Pp6} sfd ug{kg]{ afWotf st} lyPg . dflg;x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfd / k]zfsf] k|s[lt 5gf}6 / lg0f{o ug{] k"0f{ :jtGqtf lyof] / pgLx¿nfO{ Ps hftaf6 csf]{ hftdf ljjfx ug{ klg s'g} /f]sfj6 lyPg .


@_ l;Gw' ;Eotf / u+uf ;Eotfdf a|fXd0f ;d'xsf] u7gkl5sf] hflt Joj:yf  

c_ O:nflds cfqmd0f k"j{sf] cj:yf M l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 cGo ;Eotfdf a|fXd0fx¿sf] a;fOF;/fOsf] ;fy ;'?jft ePsf] hflt Joj:yf . o; sfnv08df hftLo Joj:yf sd{sf] cfwf/df :yflkt eof] .


cf_ O:nflds zf;g ;dosf] Joj:yf M  a|fXd0fx¿ l;Gw' ;Eotfaf6 u+uf ;Eotfdf a;fOF ;g{] qmd /f]lsPkl5sf] / s;}nfO{ klg pgLx¿sf] sfdsf] cfwf/df gofF hft lgwf{/0f gul/Psf] ;dosf] hflt Joj:yf . o; sfnv08df ;a} hfthflt hGdhftsf cfwf/n] lgwf{l/t x'g]u/]sf lyP .


O_ la|l6; sfnv08sf] Joj:yf M k'FhLjfb / hflt Joj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ldnfP/ yk c;Gt'i6 / ¢0¢pGd'v ;dfhsf]  lgdf{0f ub}{ pRr / tNnf] hftdf ljefhg ul/Psf] ;do .


O{_ a]nfotL k|0ffnL kl5sf] cj:yf M clxn] ;x/ / d]6«f]lt/ w]/} dflg;x¿ a;fOF ;/]sf 5g\ . d]uf l;6Lx¿df a:g] gofF k':tf hftsf] af/]df vf;} ;/f]sf/ /fVb}gg\ . t/ u|fdL0f If]q cem} klg vt/gfs hflto cJoj:yfdf km;]sf] 5 . ;x/ / d]ufl;6Lx¿df a;f]af; ug]{ gofF k':tfx¿ u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ lzlIft ug{ kl/jt{gsf] jfxs x'g ;Sg]5g\ .


5't / c5't hftLo ;+:s[ltsf] z'?jft

d]/L xh'/cfdf zfsfxf/L x'g'x'GYof] / d}n] pxfFsf] nflu 5'§} r'nf], 5'§} efF8f / 5'§} vfgf ksfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] b]v]sf] 5' . d}n] xf]6]ndf s'v'/fsf] df;' vfPF eg] eg], pxfFn] dnfO{ lbge/ pxfFsf] ;ldkaf6 6f9} a:g eGg'x'GYof] . olb xfdLn] 3/df df;' NofpFYof}+ eg] pxfFn] Tof] lbg cfk\mgf] efF8fnfO{ s;}n] g5f]cf];\ egL ;'/lIft ug'{x'GYof] . h;n] dnfO{ d c5"t 5' eGg] dx;'; u/fpg'x'GYof] Tof] klxnf] JolQm d]/L xh'/cfdf g} xf] . 5'jf5'tsf] of] efjgf x/]s kl/jf/df klg JofKt x'G5 . d Ps Jofks km/flsnf] /fd|f] ljsl;t ;kmf / :jR5 ;d'bfodf a:5' t/ d}n] sd :jR5 / kmf]xf]/ ;d'bfodf ;d]t a:g] y'k|} u/La dflg;x¿nfO{ klg b]v]sf] 5' hxfF clwsf+z dflg;x¿nfO{ 5fnf ;DjlGw s'g} g s'g} /f]u 5 . cf}iflwsf] cfljisf/ x'g' cl3 oL 5fnf /f]u / ;?jf /f]u w]/} 7"nf] r'gf}ltsf s'/f lyP . :jR5 jftfj/0fdf a:g] JolQmn] s:tf] hLjg:t/ :jf:Yosf nflu hf]lvdk"0f{ 5 / s'g hLjg:t/ /fd|f] x'G5 eg]/ ;lhn} atfpg ;S5 . olb ;f]xL JolQmn] s;}nfO{ hf]lvdk"0f{ hLjgcfr/0fdf b]Vof] eg] kSs} klg sf]le8sf] ;dodf xfdLn] u/]h:t} s]xL b"/L /fVg rfxG5 . lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfljisf/ klxn] dflg;x¿n] ljleGg :t/sf dflg;x¿af6 6f9f /xg'kg]{  cfTdjf]w / :jefj ljsf; u/] . oL s'/fx¿ :jfefljs lyP t/ kl5 k};fsf] cfljisf/;Fu} dflg;x¿n] juL{o  Joj:yfsf] ljsf; u/] / o; ju{ Joj:yfn] 5'jf5'tsf] dfgl;stfnfO{ c:jLsfo{ xb;Dd laufof]{ . ;/;kmfO{ tyf :jR5tf cg';f/sf ljleGg dfkb08sf dflg;x¿af6 b"/L /fVg] k|fs[lts k|j[lQ pRr ju{sf dflg;x¿sf] k'FhLjfbL dfgl;stfnfO{ cIf'0f /fVb} pgLx¿sf] kbfg'qmd / ;jf]{Rrtfsf] k|rf/ ug{] dfWod aGof] . dfgLjo efjgf sn+s aGof] / ;dfh åGå If]q aGof] .


of] klg ;To xf] ls z'?sf lbgx¿df c5"t dfgl;stf k'FhLjfb, juL{o ;f]rsf] dfgl;stf / ;jf]{Rrtfaf6 k|]l/t lyPg . kl5 cfw'lgs ;+;f/sf] cfwf/ aGg' eGbf Ps xhf/ jif{ cl3;Dd xfdL / xfd|f] ;dfh hftLo / juL{o Joj:yfsf] ;+o'Qm k|efjsf] b'irqmdf km;]sf lyof] . hftLo Joj:yf / 5'jf5'tsf] cEof; x]bf{ xfd|f] ;dfhsf w]/} ;d'x / ;d'bfox¿ cem} klg !( cf}F ztfAbLdf g} 5g\ . 5'jf5'tsf] bf]if hgtfnfO{ lbg' plrt x'b}g . hgtfnfO{ lzlIft ug{ / ;r]tgf lbg c;kmn x'g] Joj:yf / ;/sf/nfO{ bf]if lbg' hfoh x'G5 . t/ xfd|f] g]kfndf clxn];Dd ag]sf ;a} ;/sf/x¿ afx'g / If]qL ;d'bfosf dflg;sf] g][tTj tyf afx'Notf ePsf ;/sf/ ag]sf lyP . t;y{ s'g} klg ;/sf/n] of] k|yfsf] lj/f]w u/]/ cfk\mgf] v'§fdf cfk}m aGr/f] xfGg] hf]lvd df]Ng grfx]sf] x'g;S5 . hft k|yf xfdLn] xfd|f k'j{haf6 kfPsf] unt ;+:sf/ xf] . 


dflg;x¿nfO{ dflyNnf] hft / tNnf] hft tyf 5't clg c5"t eg]/ laeflht agfpg / lje]b ug{ hftLo Joj:yfsf] cfljisf/ ul/Psf] eg] lyPg . of] dflyNnf] hft / tNnf] hft clg 5't / c5'tsf] Joj:yf hftLo Joj:yfsf] gs/fTds k|lts[of cyjf ;fO8 Okm]S6 dfq xf] . lje]bk'0f{ / s[ltd hflt Joj:yfsf] cGTo u/L jf:tljs tyf k|ultzLn Pj eljiosfnflu lxts/ hflt Joj:yf lgdf{0f ub}{ lxGb" wd{df ;'wf/sf] cg'z/0f ug]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . ;fob df;' gvfg] jf df+;xf/ gug{] dflg;x¿ df;' vfg] dflg;x¿af6 cnUu /xg rfxGy] / df;+xf/ u/]sf] ;dodfrflxF dnfO{ g5'g'xf];\ eGg] k|0ffnL ;'? ePsf] x'g ;S5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu, tkfO{xfd|f] ;dfhdf cem} klg o:tf dflg; b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 ls df;' gvfg] dflg;x¿ df;' vfg] dflg;x¿sf] 3/df vfgf vfg Tolt ?rfpFb}gg\ . ufO{sf] df;' gvfg] dflg;x¿ ufO{sf] df;' vfg] dflg;x¿sf] 3/df ef]hg ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . o:tf] Jojxf/ :jefljs :jR5tfsf] clwsf/ klg xf] . o:tf] cj:yf klg obfsbf cfOnfU5 olb s;}n] tkfO{nfO{ v;Lafv|fsf] eg]/ df;' lbof] / tkfO{n] vfg yfn]kl5 rflxF of] ufO{sf] df;' xf], e'mSofP/ lbbf t vfg'eof] elgof] . o; a]nf tkfO{nfO{ t'?Gt} jfGtf ;'? x'g]5 .  h'g s'/f tkfO{nfO{ vfg dg kb{}g / vfg rfxg'x'Gg eg] To:sf] ;]jg ubf{ jfGtf x'g' z/L/sf] k|fs[lts k|ltlqmof xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] cfxf/ lj1fg / cfr/0fsf] leGgtfsf] cfwf/df s;}nfO{ s;}sf] glhs x'g / O{R5f cyjf :jdfGotf ljkl/tsf] ef]hg ug{ afWo kfg{' x'Fb}g . 


/fj0f a|fXd0f lyP t/ klg ;a}n] /fIf; u0fdf ;dfj]z u5{g\  q]tfo'udf ;a}n] /fj0fnfO{ lsg /fIf; eg] < lsgsL p;n] lgoldt df;+xf/ / dlb/f ;]jg u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] dtna df;' vfg] / /S;L lkpg] hf] sf]xLnfO{ /fIf; eGg] xf] t < xf]Og, /fj0f To;a]nf ;a}n] agfPsf] ;fdflhs lgodsf] lj?¢ uPsf lyP . df;' vfg] / dlb/f ;]jg ug{] k'hf/L jf klG8tnfO{ tkfO{ :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5 < dnfO{ nfU5, cj:o ug'{x'Gg . pgL hflt Joj:yfdf cfk\mgf] ;jf]{Rr :yfg TofUg rfxFb}gy] t/ pgL cem} klg df;' / dlb/fsf] cfgGb lnO/xg klg rfxGy] . To;a]nfdf /x]sf] a|fXd0fx¿sf] kl/efiff cfWoflTds sfo{df ;+nUg JolQm / slxNo} df;' gvfg] clg dlb/f ;]jg gug{] eGg] xf] . pgn] :yflkt ;fdflhs lgodx¿nfO{ r'gf}tL lbP . a|fXd0fn] df;' vfP / /S;L lkPdf p;nfO{ a|fXd0f eGg' x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f pgn] :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . To;}n] pgnfO{ /fIf; elgG5 . slno'udf s/f]8f}Fs/f]8 /fj0f?kL /fIf; 5g\ caf}{F c/a dn]R5 5g\ . 


hflt k|0ffnLsf] ljs[lt, Ifo / ktg  

;dfg ;d'bfo leq cfk\mgf] klxrfg hf]ufpg cfk|jf;Lx¿n] hft k|yf z'¿ u/]sf lyP / To;sf] cfwf/ hLjgcfr/0f / k]zf Joj;fo lyof] . t/ ca hflt k|0ffnL ;tk|ltzt ?kdf hGdsf cfwf/df lgwf{l/t 5 . clxn] tkfO{sf] sfd s] xf] eGg] s'/fn] km/s kfb{}g lsgsL tkfO{sf] hfltnfO{ tkfO{sf] hGd ePsf] hfltn] lg0f{o ug{]5 . o:tf] b]lvG5 ls olb s'g} Ps aRrf cfk/flws 3/kl/jf/df hGd]sf] lyof] eg] aRrf kl5 k]zfn] 8fS6/ g} eP klg p ck/fwL g} xf] . O:nfdLs cfqmd0f x'g' cl3 sfdsf] cfwf/df lgwf{l/t hft k|yf ;To / Jojxfl/s hflt k|0ffnL lyof] . la|l6z o'usf] ;do clg To;kl5 ljsl;t afFsL hflt k|0ffnL ;a} gSsnL / e'm6 hflt k|0ffnL xg\ lsgls oL hGd cfwfl/t hflt k|0ffnL 5g\ .  ca xfdLn] Pp6f gofF hflt k|0ffnL c+lusf/ ug'{k5{ h;nfO{ s]lx ;o aif{ kl5 km]l/ s;}n] gSsnL / cJojxfl/s agfpg g;sf];\ . cfxf/ k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t hflt k|0ffnL ;a}sf] nflu ;dfg eljio xf] h;df xhf/f}F aif{sf] nflu s'g} kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf kb{}g clg k'/fgf] cyjf cflbd hflt k|0ffnL h:tf] nlrnf] klg x'g]5 .

 

clxn]sf] tyfslyt hft k|0ffnL s:tf] 5 < 

clxn] () k|ltzt a|fXd0f kl/jf/n] df;' vfG5g\ / dlb/f;d]t ;]jg u5{g\, () k|ltzt If]lqox¿ of]¢fafx]s c¿ hflu/ jf Joj;fo u5{g\, %) k|ltzt j}Zon] hflu/ jf v]tLkftL nufot cGo sfd u5{g\ . ^) k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf dflysf z'› / blntx¿n] cfkm\gf] hLjgz}nLnfO{ dWod juL{o ;d'bfosf] ?kdf kl/jt{g u/]sf, ;d'Ggt hLjg z}nLsf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\  t/ cem} klg pgLx¿nfO{ z'› / blntsf] ¿kdf lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 . olx unt kl/ron] ;dfhdf c;Gt'li6 k}bf u/]sf] 5 . 


of] :jLsfo{ 5}g . xfd|f] k"/} hflt Joj:yf ktg ePsf] 5 / PstkmL{ 9f]sf h:tf] x'b}5 h;df s;}n] lxGb" wd{ 5f]8\g rfxG5 eg] dfq v'N5 t/ sf]xL cfP/ lxGb" wd{df ;fd]n x'g rfxG5 eg] aGb /xG5 . olb Pp6f d'l:nd kl/jf/ lxGb' aGg rfxG5 eg] Tof] kl/jf/nfO{ s'g hftdf /fVg]  s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g / s'g} lgod 5}g . olb /fhdxn # xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] ePdf ToxfF sf]xL klg a:g rfxFb}gg\ To;nfO{ /fhdxn xf]Og v08x/ elgG5 . hxfF ;a}hgf /fd|f] sf]7fsf nflu nl8/x]sf x'G5g\, c?sf] sf]7f slt /fd|f] 5 eGg] t s;}n] b]v]sf] 5}g t/ ;a} d]/f] sf]7f /fd|f] 5 eG5g\ . hflto Joj:yfsf] gSsnL a9fOr9fO{n] hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ /fhdxnaf6 v08x/x/ agfPsf] 5 / of] v08x/ Wj:t x'g'cl3 g} k'glgd{f0f ug{] ;do cfPsf] 5 . of] k6s xfdLn] To:tf] tl/sfn] lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ hxfF sf]xL leq cfpg rfxG5 eg] :jfut klg xf];\ / To:tf nfvf}Fn] lxGb" wd{df kl/jlt{t x'g rfxg'x'G5 eg] s'g hftdf /fVg] eGg] cGof]n klg g/xf];\ . 


xfdLn] jt{dfg hflt Joj:yfaf6 lsg 5'6sf/f kfpg'k5{ / o;sf] ljsNk s] xf] <

wd{kl5 dlxnf lx+;f / k};f ;DaGwL ck/fw clg hftLo åGån] ;a}eGbf a9L hg;+Vof / l5d]sL gful/sk|ltsf] Jojxf/nfO{ ulDe/ c;/ u/]sf] 5 . /fhgLlts åGåb]lv ;fdflhs åGå;Dd hftsf] 7"nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . xfdLdf /x]sf] gSsnL / lje]bpGd'v hflt Joj:yfaf6 ;Gt'i6 gePsfn] wd{ kl/jt{g ug{] dflg;x¿sf] 7'nf] ;+Vof 5 . c;Gt'i6 ;d"x csf{] wd{df ;fd]n eO/x]sf 5g\ / of] emg} vt/gfs 5 lsgls w]/} wd{x¿n] pRr :t/sf] åGåsf] nflu ax'w'a|Lo ;dfhdf n}hfG5 . ef/tdf lxGb" / d'l:nd b'j}nfO{ ;'wfl/Psf] hft Joj:yf cfjZos 5 . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ ;a} dflg;nfO{ ;dfg Gofo kfpg] clwsf/ 5 t/ xfd|f] k'/fgf] / lalu|Psf] hflt Joj:yfn] tyfslyt tNnf] elgPsf hftnfO{ eg] Gofo lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . /fj0f klg a|fXd0f lyP t/ df;' vfg] / dlb/f lkpg] ePsfn] pgnfO{ /fIf; elgPsf] lyof] . clxn] 3f]/ slno'u 5 . (% k|ltzt a|fXd0fdf /fj0fs} h:tf] hLjgz}nL 5 t/ cGo dflg;x¿n] /S;L glkpg] / df;' gvfg] eP klg tNnf] hft elgP/ unt Jojxf/ / ckdfg ;xg afWo 5g\ . 


xfdL hftLo Joj:yf x6fpb} ;fdflhs klxrfgsf cGo s'g} ¿kx¿ dfk{mt hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ lsg k"0f{ ¿kdf ;fd'n cGTorflxF ub{}gf}F <

 

hfltljxLg ;dfh ;Dej 5}g lsgls ;a}sf] gfd;Fu} y/ klg 5 / xfdL xhf/f}F jif{b]lv hftLo Joj:yf k5\ofO/x]sf 5f}F . olb s;}sf] gfd 5 eg], xfdL gfd kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5f}F t/ xfdL gfd lagf afFRg ;Sb}gf}F . olb xfdLn] To;f] uof}F{ eg] dflg;x¿n] cem} klg k'/fgf] gfdnfO} cg'z/0f ug]{5g\ . hgtfnfO{ k'/fgf] hftLo Joj:yf k5\ofpg ;/sf/sf] cfb]z rflxFb}g . cfzo of] xf] ls hflto Joj:yf lagf xfdL afFRg ;Sb}gfF} t/ k'/fgf] lalu|Psf] hflto Joj:yfnfO{ gofFn] k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;S5f}F . xfdL 3/af6 lkn/ x6fpg ;Sb}gf}F, t/ xfdL gofF lkn/x¿ eg] cj:o agfpg ;S5f}F . o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 . obL df;' /S;L h:tf s'/fsf] ;]jgdf cfwfl/t hftLo Joj:yf, klxrfg / 6«o{flsª l;:6d nfu' eof] eg] ;a}n] o;nfO{ kfng ug]{5g\ . df;', dlb/f, r'/f]6 lsGg] hf] sf]xLn] kl/rokqsf] ;fydf dfq o;sf] vl/b ug'{kg]{5 .


a'¢nfO{ hflt Joj:yf dg kb{}gYof] / pgL o:tf] k|yfsf] k"/} lj?¢df lyP . pgn] ef/tLo pkdxfåLksf ;Dej eP;Dd clws 5]q 3'd]/ dflg;x¿nfO{ hflt Joj:yf unt xf] eGg] lzIff lbP . ef/te/ hftLo e]befj x'Fbf kl/jf/df hGd]sf JolQmn] Pp6} hft af]Sg'kg]{ cj:yf l7s x}g eGg] ;Gb]z ljr/0f u/] . xf], ToxLF pgn] cfk\mgf] ;do aaf{b u/] . hflt Joj:yf unt xf] eg]/ dflg;x¿nfO{ l;sfpg' :jutof]Uo sbd t eof] t/ pgLaf6 unt hft Joj:yfsf] ljsNk k|:tfjrflxF cfPg . pgn] cfxf/df cfwfl/t hft Joj:yfsf] k|:tfj u/]sf] eP cfh ;+;f/ cs{} df]8df x'g] lyof] . b'e{fUojz, pgnfO{ yfxf ePg ls unt hflt Joj:yfsf] ljsNk s] xf] . pgL lkknsf] ?vd'lg cln a9L a:g'kYof]{ .


olb tkfO{;Fu ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg 5}g eg] s]lx unt s'/faf/] dflg;x¿nfO{ s]jn lzIff lbg cfk\mgf] ;do aaf{b gug{'xf];\ .


;dfj]zL / efjL hflt Joj:yf s:tf] x'g'k5{ <

lxGb" wd{df gofF hft Joj:yf o:tf] x'g'kg]{5 .


hftLo klxrfg

hLjg z}nL 

a|fXd0f 

df+;xf/, dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg gug]{ k'0f{tof ;fbhL hLjg ofkg ug]{ 

blnt

ufO{ tyf ;'Fu'/afx]s cGo w/kfn'jf hgjf/sf] df+;xf/ ug]{ dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg ug]{ . 

blnt leq klg tLgj6f >]0fL /xg] 5g\

k|yd >]0fL, pkNnf] cyjf a8f blnt - s au{_

dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg ug]{ t/ df+;xf/ gug]{


bf]>f] >]0fL ;fgf cyjf tNnf]  blnt -v au{_

df+;xf/ ug]{ t/ dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg gug]{

t]>f] >]0fL -u au{_ 

df+;xf/ ug]{ / dWokfg tyf w'd|kfg ;d]t ug]{ .

dxfblnt

;F'u'/sf] df;+xf/ ;d]t ug]{ 

z'b|

uf}dftf df;+xf/ ug]{


o:tf] cfwf/df hft lgwf{/0f ubf{ s;}n] s;}nfO{ e'mSofpg / cfˆgf] klxrfg n'sfpg kb}{g\ . dflg;nfO{ hft af]emsf] ?kdf ge} 5gf}6sf] ?kdf k|fKt x'G5 . x/]ssn] :j]R5fn] cfk\mgf] hft :jod lgwf{/0f ug{ ;S5g\ . t;y{ hftsf] cfwf/df e]befb afls /xb}g .

 

hftLo Joj:yfsf] klxrfg / 6«of{lsª k|0ffnLsf] JofVof ug{'xf];\ . 

s;}nfO{ klg cfk\mgf] hLjgz}nL kl/jt{g ug{ afWo ul/g] 5}g . t/ ufO{sf] df;' jf ;'Fu'/sf] df;' jf cGo hgjf/sf] df;' vfg] jf /S;L lkpg] JolQmn] ljjfxsf] nflu cfjZos kbf{ dflg;x¿af6 cfk\mgf] ;To cj:yf n'sfpg  ;Sg]5}g . ca dlb/f ;]jg ug{] JolQm;Fu lax] gug{] OR5f ePsf o'jtLn] lax] gug{ ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u lng ;Sg]l5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg hft n'sfP/ gSsln klxrfg jf kl/ro agfpg 5'6 lbOg] 5}g . s]6Lx¿n] em"6f] ljj/0f lbg];Fu lax] ug{'kb{}g, ljjfxkl5 emu8fsf] nflu t'if pTkGg x'Fb}g . s]6Lx¿n] ;lhn};Fu kQf nufpg ;S5g ls sf]xL JolQm df+; dlb/f, gzf jf ;'tL{ ;]jg ug{] xf] jf xf]Og .  To;sf cfwf/df ljjfxnfO{ ;lhn} :jLsf/ cyjf OGsf/ ug{ ;S5g\ .

 

s'g} JolQmn] hftLo Joj:yfsf] cg'dlt lbPsf afx]s cGo j:t' pkef]u ul//x]sf] 5 eg] s;/L 6«of{s ug{] < lgltz s'df/ ;d]t dlb/f k|ltaGw ug{ c;kmn x'bf xfdL s;/L ;kmn x'G5f}F <


of] 6«of{lsª k|0ffnL eg]sf] gLltz s'df/n] h:tf] pkef]u g} k|ltaGw ug]{ k|0ffnL xf]Og\ . o; k|0ffnLdf j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pkef]u ug{ ldN5 t/ klxrfg v'Ng] kl/ro kq clgjfo{ b]vfpg'k5{ . klxrfgsf] of] k|0ffnL ljZjsf clwsf+z b]zdf s]xL bzsb]vL clal5Gg k|of]udf 5 . olb gLltz s'df/n] o;nfO{ nfu' ug{ ;s]sf eP pgn] klg cj:o ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ lyP . 

of] ;a} j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg / laqmLnfO{ cg'dlt lbg] ljrf/ xf] h;df ;a} s'/fdf k|ltaGw sfod ul/g] 5}g . lgltzn] dlb/f aGb ug{ vf]h] t/ /fHosf] k|x/L klg e|i6 ePsfn] k|x/Ln] cGo nf]edf ;a}nfO{ o:tf] a]Rg 5'6 lbPsf] 5 . e|i6frf/n] xfdLn] NofPsf] s'g} klg gofF ljrf/nfO{ gi6 ug{ ;S5 / ck/fw lgoGq0f ug'kg]{{ k|0ffnLdf /flvPsf JolQmx¿ e|i6 ePdf h'gs'g} klg ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ clws ufx|f] x'G5 . xfdL of] ;d:of s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;S5f}F eGg] hfGg'k5{ . 


cfxf/sf] 6«of{lsª ;DjlGw cEof;nfO{ tLg r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . 


c_ slNsjfbdfk{mt gubljxLgtfsf] ;do cfudg kl5 o;sf] sfo{Gjog w]/} ;lhnf] x'G5 lsg eg] ToxfF gub x'g]5}g / pTkfbgsf ;a} ;fwgx¿ ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf x'g]5g\ .


cf_ slNsjfbsf] cfudg;Fu} d'›fljlxg ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f kl5 oxfF klg pTkfbg / ljt/0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|0ffnL ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf x'g] ePsfn] w]/} ;xh x'g]5 .


O_ k'FhLjfbsf] jt{dfg kl/b[Zodf x]bf{ o;sf] sfo{fGjog  yf]/} ufx|f] 5 t/ o;nfO{ b'O{ r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ klg ;lsG5 .


s_ ;a} pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ lgoGq0f u/]/ M ck]lIft kl/jt{g ug{ b]zdf laqmL x'g] k|To]s j:t'sf] pTkfbgsf] ;fwgnfO{ ;/sf/n] ;tk|ltzt lgoGq0f ug{'k5{ . tTsfnnfO{ df;', dlb/f / lgsf]l6g pTkfbgaf6 dfq} o:tf] cEof; ;'? ug{] / cGo nfvf}F j:t'x¿ eljiosf nflu 5f]8\g] xf] eg] klg of] ;/sf/sf] nflu pQd cj;/ xf] . oL # j:t'sf] pTkfbg, Joj:yfkg / ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;df ;/sf/sf] ;kmntfn] g} ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L k|0ffnLnfO{ eljiosf nflu /fd|f] cg'ej / cfTdljZjf; lbg]5 .


v_ olb ;/sf/ lg:k|eflj / clgR5's 5 / oL ;a} j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbgsf] ;fwgnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ rfxFb}g eg] To; cj:yfdf gofF k|0ffnL Joj:yfkg ug{ w]/} ufx|f] x'g]5 clg oxfF xfdLn] cg'udg p2]Zosf nflu gofF ;fdflhs k|x/L kl/rfng ug{'k5{ . / oL ;fdflhs k|x/Lx¿ o; cy{df km/s x'g]5g\ ls o;df ;a} dlxnfx¿ dfq x'g]5g\, lzlIft dlxnfx¿ . lsg eg] k'?ifeGbf dlxnfx¿ sd e|i6 5g\ / of] k|0ffnLn] dlxnfx¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L kmfObf k'of{pF5 . of] k|0ffnL cfPkl5 s'g} klg s]6Lsf cleefjsn] sf]xL klg s]6fn] lautdf / clxn] klg lgsf]l6g /S;L dlb/f cyjf df;' h:tf s'/f vfP gvfPsf] s] cj:yf 5 eGg] k"0f{ hfgsf/L kfpg ;S5g\ . o;/L s]6Ln] lax] cl3 g} yfxf kfpg]l5g\ ls pgn] dlb/f ;]jg ug]{ jf gug]{;Fu lax] ul//x]sL l5g\ . of] k|0ffnLsf] cfudgn] ljjfx cl3 s;}n] klg pkef]u gug]{ ;'lglZrt ug{]5 . dflg;x¿ lax] u/]kl5 To:tf] cfr/0f ;'? ug{ ;S5g\ t/ l9nf] u/L To:tf] cfbt lgdf{0f ug]{ dflg; vt/gfs /S;Lafh  aGb}gg\ . 


dflysf b'a} ljrf/ -s / v_ /fHon]  lgwf{/0f u/]sf] klxrfg 6«of{lsª k|0ffnLåf/f lgb]{lzt x'g'kb{5 h;df k|To]s gful/ssf] 8f6f x'g]5 . oL vfnsf j:t' tyf ;]jfx¿ pTkfbg / laqmL ug{] k|To]s k;ndf Ps ljz]if k|sf/sf] ;k\m6j]o/, PlKkns];g / pks/0f cfjZos x'g]5 . rfx] Tof] v'›f k;n xf];\ jf /]:6'/]G6 . of] ;k\m6j]o/n] pkef]usf] ;Ldf h:t} s'g j:t'nfO{ sxfF pkef]u ug{ ;lsG5 / sxfF ug{ ;lsb}g eGg] h:tf s]xL :yfgLo sfg"gx¿nfO{ klg cg'kfng u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;a}eGbf ufx|f] sfd olb Ps ;fyLn] cfk\mgf] kl/rokq dfk{mt csf]{ ;fyLsf] nflu lsg]sf] s'/fnfO{ lgoGq0f ug'{ x'g]5 . To;sf nflu  xfdLnfO{ k'/:sf/ k|0ffnL rflxG5 . Pshgf ;fyLn] csf]{ ;fyLsf] nflu lsg]sf] k|dfl0ft u/]df, lsGg]nfO{ ! nfv hl/jfgf x'g]5 / pQm /sd p;n] Tof] ;fdfg lslglbPsf] JolQmnfO{ lbOg]5 . pxL ;fyLnfO{ Ps nfv hl/jfgf ltg'kg]{] 8/n] s'g} klg ;fyLn] csf{] ;fyLsf nflu o:tf j:t' tyf ;]jf vl/b ul/lbg] 5}g . ;dfhsf] cfwf/ txdf cg';Gwfg u/]kl5 o; k|0ffnLdf b]lvg ;Sg] l5b|x¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ yk sfg'g Nofpg ;lsG5 .


hgtfsf] uf]klgotfsf] clwsf/ eg]sf] s] xf], ;/sf/n] d}n] s] vfG5' / s] lkp5' eGg] ;a} 8f6f ;Íng ug'{ plrt x'G5 <

xf], ;/sf/n] ;a} tYofÍ ;Íng ug{' k"0f{¿kdf hfoh x'G5 t/ ;DjlGwt JolQmsf] cg'dltlagf 8f6f afF8\g' jf r'xfpg' eg] plrt xf]Og . dflg;x¿n] s;/L vfG5g\ / s] vfG5g\ eGg] af/]df ;Íng ul/Psf] o:tf tYofÍn] b]znfO{ w]/} vfnsf j}1flgs / lrlsT;f ;DjlGw cg';Gwfg ug{;d]t d2t ug{]5 . o:tf hfgsf/L 8fS6/x? åf/f k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . c;n gful/sn] o:tf] tYofÍ ;+u|xnfO{ slxNo} c:jLsf/ ub{}gg\ lsgsL pgLx¿sf] cg'dlt lagf o;nfO{ ;fj{hlgs cyjf ljt/0f jf ;fe]mbf/L ug{ ;lsFb}g . ;dfh / ;dfhnfO{ wf]sf lbg cyjf 5Ng rfxg]n] dfq of] tYofÍ ;Íng k|0ffnLnfO{ dfGb}gg\ . tNnf] :t/sf] cfxf/ Jojxf/ ePsf] JolQm eP/ klg hftLo ;jf]{Rrtf rfxg] JolQmn] dfq o; tYofÍ ;Íng k|0ffnLnfO{ c:jLsf/ / c;xof]u ug{]5 . cjwf/0ff ;/n 5 ls olb tkfO{ pRr hfltsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{n] cfxf/ ;+/rgfsf ;a} tYof+s ;Íng ug{ ;xdlt lbg'k5{ . h;nfO{ pRr hflt eGg' jf elgg' kb}{g, pgLx¿n] cfk\mgf] 8f6f ;fe]mbf/L ug{ cfjZos 5}g / slxn] klg cfjZos kb{}g .

 

gofF hft Joj:yf cfPkl5 jt{dfg pkhftsf] eljio / clGtd gfd cyjf y/sf] pkfb]otf 

gofF hft Joj:yf cfPkl5 pkhftsf] cfjZostf kb{}g . clws pkhftx¿ cGof]n / åGåsf] ;|f]tdfq x'g . xfdL;Fu ePsf ;a} pkhftx¿ xhf/f}F jif{ klxn] dflg;x¿n] l;s]sf sfd / snfdf cfwfl/t 5g\ . xfdL ca Tof] o'udf afRb}gf}F . sn]h, ;+3;+:yfx¿, tflnd s]G›x¿ / nfvf}F lj1x¿sf] k|of;n] o:tf k|0ffnL lelqPsf 5g\ ls clxn] h'g;'s} hft;d'xsf] JolQmn] klg h'g;'s} k]zf, Joj;fo / sfo{df ;fd]n x'g ;S5 . To;}n] pkhftsf] cfjZostf 5}g . gofF hflt Joj:yfsf] z'?jft cufj} ljleGg pkhft lnP/ hGd]sf dflg;x¿sf]  dgaf6 o;nfO{ x6fpg ;lsb}g t/ cfpg] gofF k':tfn] k'/fgf] hft / pkhftsf] s'g} k|efj /fVb}gg\, km/s b[li6sf]0f /fVg]5g\ . hxfF pgLx¿n] o;nfO{{ a]jf:tf ug{]5g\ . k|To]s JolQmnfO{ /fHoaf6 hfl/ ul/Psf] kl/rokqdf pkhft xf]Og s]jn cfk\mgf] hftsf] dfq pNn]v x'g]5 . cfxf/ ;+/rgfsf sf/0f s'g} pkhftnfO{ gofF hft cfjZos ePdf ;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ s'g} k'/fgf] pkhftsf] cfjZostf kg]{5}g . dflg;x¿n] cfk\mgf] kl/ro kq / cGo 7fpFx¿df lbgx'F cfk\mgf] gofF hft k|of]u ug{]5g\ h;n] k'/fgf] pkhftsf] k|of]u k"0f{tof a]sf/ x'g]5 .


oxfF w]/} pkhftx¿ 5g\ h;sf] clGtd gfd cyjf y/ Pp6} 5 To;}n] t/ pgLx¿n] Pscs{f;Fu ljjfx ub{}gg\ . cfdfafa'n] Pp6} pkhflt leq a/aw' vf]Hbf ToxfF w]/} g} cefj jf sd dfq ldnfg b'a} x'g;S5 . pkhft /lxt s]jn hftLo Joj:yf dfqsf] k|rngn] ;a}sf] hLjgnfO{ clxn]sf] h:tf] w]/} c;lhnf] agfpFb}g .


of] cln r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g]5 . sf]xL emf gfdsf] a|fXd0f x'g;S5g\ hf] df;' vfg 5f]8\g rfxFb}gg\ / blnt aGg klg ?rfpF5b}g\ . t/ ToxfF df;' vfg grfxg] /fd gfdsf] blnt x'g;S5g\ / a|fXd0fsf] h:tf] hLjg lhPsf x'g]5g\ . ;a} tYofÍ ;Íng k"/f u/]kl5 gofF k|0ffnLdf ;a}nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ clt ;xh x'g]5 . t/ xfdLn] of] ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos x'G5 ls M

!_ ;a}nfO{ cfk\mgf] clGtd gfd 5gf}6 ug{ ;tk|ltzt :jtGqtf 5 . 

@_ cfjZos k/]df clGtd gfdsf] cuf8L / klxnf] gfdsf] k5f8L b -blnt_ db -dxfblnt_ z' -z'b|_, kb -k|yd blnt_ h:tf kl/rod'ns cIf/ yKg ;S5f}F . jf tL cIf/x¿ clGtd gfd jf klxnf] gfdsf] cl3 jf kl5 ;d]t k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .


xfdLn] ;dfhsf] cfwf/ txdf ;'Id cg';Gwfg u/]/ k|To]s y/sf] tYofÍ ;Íng u/]kl5 / pgLx¿ s'g hftdf ;fd]n x'g rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'rgf k|fKt ubf{sf avt xf] eg] cem /fd|f] ;+/rgf tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . clGtd gfdsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg 7"nf] ;d:of x'g]5}g . of] s'/f gjhft aRrfnfO{ gfd lbg hlQs} ;lhnf] 5 . oxfF  gfd lzz'sf] ;§fdf s'g} Ps ;d'bfosf ;a} dflg;x¿sf] ;d"xnfO{ lbOg]5 .


lxGb"x¿nfO{ hflt Joj:yfdf ;'wf/ lsg cfjZos 5 <

g]kfn /fHoel/ g} wd{ ;a}eGbf ljs[t / ktgpGd' tNnf] txdf em/]sf] 5 . k'hf/L / kl08t eP/ klg kl/jf/;lxt (% k|ltzt a|fXd0fn] df;' vfG5g\ / dlb/f lkpF5g\ . of] :jLsfo{ x'b}g . xfd|f] k"/} hflt Joj:yf ktg ePsf] 5 / PstkmL{ 9f]sf h:tf] ag]sf] 5 h'g s;}n] lxGb" wd{ 5f]8\g rfxG5g\ eg] dfq v'N5 t/ sf]xL cfP/ lxGb" wd{df ;fd]n x'g rfxG5g\ eg] aGb /xG5 . olb Pp6f d'l:nd kl/jf/ lxGb' aGg rfxG5 eg] Tof] kl/jf/nfO{ s'g hftdf /fVg] s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g / s'g} lgod 5}g . olb /fhdxn tLg xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] ePdf ToxfF sf]xL klg a:g rfxFb}gg\ / To;nfO{ v08x/ elgG5 /fhdxn xf]Og . hxfF ;a}hgf /fd|f] sf]7fsf nflu nl8/x]sf x'G5g\, c?sf] sf]7f slt /fd|f] 5 eGg] t s;}n] b]v]sf] 5}g t/ ;a} d]/f] sf]7f /fd|f] 5 eG5g\ . hftLo Joj:yfsf] gSsnL a9fOr9fO{n] hftLo Joj:yfnfO{ /fhdxnaf6 v08xx/ agfPsf] 5 / of] v08x/ Wj:t x'g'cl3 g} k'glg{df{0f ug{] ;do cfPsf] 5 . of] k6s xfdLn] To:tf] tl/sfn] lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ hxfF sf]xL leq cfpg rfxG5g\ eg] :jfut klg xf];\ / To:tf nfvf}Fn] lxGb" wd{df kl/jlt{t x'g rfxg'x'G5 eg] s'g hftdf /fVg] eGg] cGof]n klg g/xf];\ . 


cf/If0fn] hflt Joj:yfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ sd ug{ s;/L d2t u5{ < 

!_ df}l›s k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ /  o;nfO{ hah{:tL tNnf] hftdf klg nfb\g] sfd pRr hftåf/f ul/Psf] klxnf] x}sdjfbL cf/If0f lyof] . pgLx¿n] k};f 5fKg zlQm k|of]u u/] / cfk\mg} hftsf cfkmGt / ;fyLx¿sf] nflu dfq ;kmntf ;'/lIft u/] . of] cf/If0f cl3 ;dfhdf /fd/fHo lyof], ;dfhdf ;a} ;dfg ?kdf zlQmzfnL lyP . slno'u olxaf6 ;'? eof] .


@_ n]vg k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/n] csf]{ x}sdjfbL cf/If0fsf] z'?jft uof{] hxfF k};f lgoGq0f ug{] zlQm ePsf dflg;x¿n] uf]/f 5fnf ePsf dflg;x¿;Fu Pstfa¢ eP/ k9\g] / n]Vg] clwsf/nfO{ pgLx¿aLr dfq ;'/lIft u/] . ljleGg sfg'g / k|0ffnLsf] cfljisf/ eof] / ;Dk"0f{ sfg"g tyf Joj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ hftn] dfq lgoGq0f uof]{ . tL b'O{ hft / afFsL hftaLr ;fdflhs lje]b / c;dfgtfnfO{ ulx/f] ¿kdf km/flsnf] agfOof] . z'?jftL ;dodf dflg;x¿n] c¿ b'O{ hfltn] cfk"mdfly zf;g u/]sf] eP klg vf;} jf:tf u/]gg\ . t/ clxn] sf]xL klg ;d'bfo dfq tL b'O{ hftaf6 zfl;t eO/xg rfxFb}gg\  . t];|f] x}sdsf sf/0f ;dfhsf ax'dt k|0ffnL cem} klg tL b'O{ hfltsf] lgoGq0fdf 5 . 


#_ kl/jf/df cfwfl/t cf/If0f M zf;s cfwfl/t / s]lGb|t ;dfhsf] k|0ffnLdf dflg;x¿n] cfk\mgf] JolQmut ;DaGwnfO{ ;a} lt/ k|of]u u/] . cem} klg cfk\mgf] JolQmut ;DaGw k|of]u u/L ;a} gofF vf]lnPsf hflu/x¿dfly s]jn cfk\mgf ;fyLx¿ / kl/jf/sf] lgoGq0f sfod ug{ vf]H5g\ / of] cfhsf] ;a}eGbf Jofks x}sdjfbL cf/If0f xf] . olb s'g} gofF k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojxf/df NofOPg eg] JolQmut kx'Fr eGg] cfwf/df gofF ;a} hflu/x¿ dfly tL b'O{ hftsf dflg; / pgLx¿sf cfkmGtsf] ztk|ltzt lgoGq0f x'g]5 .


$_ nf]stflGqs ¿kdf lgj{flrt ;/sf/åf/f cjnDjg ePsf] cf/If0f M nf]stflGqs ;/sf/n] ;dfhdf tNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿nfO{ klg pkNnf] kx'Frdf Nofpg / ;Qfdf efu lng ;'lglZrttf u/fof] / kl/jf/df cfwfl/t jf lgolGqt cf/If0f /f]Sg hftLo cf/If0f Nofof] . tNnf] hftsf dflg;x¿n] klg zlQm afF8kmfF8df ;dfg cj;/ k|fKt ub}{ ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;dfgtfsf] of]ubfg u/]sf] ;dfhn] :ki6 ¿kdf dx;'; gu/];Dd of] cf/If0f sfod /xg'k5{ .


;a} cDa]8s/ cg'ofoLx¿n] %) jif{cl3 a'¢ wd{ u|x0f ug{;s]sf eP s] x'GYof] <

s]xL x'b}gYof] . To;f] eP ;Dk"0f{ a'¢ wd{nfO{ tNnf] hftsf] ;§f tNnf] wd{sf] ¿kdf lnOg] lyof] . xfdL;Fu ef/t / g]kfndf O:nfdnfO{ c5't tNnf] wd{sf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ ul/Psf] pbfx/0f klg 5 .


tkfO{sf] hft tkfO{sf] hLjgz}nL / tkfO{sf] kl/jf/åf/f clu+sf/ ul/Psf] vfgkfg ;+:s[ltn] kl/eflift ub{5 . led/fjf] cDa]8s/n] hftLo ;d:of Go"gLs/0fdf s'g} of]ubfg lbPsf 5}gg\ . cfw'lgsLs/0f, gofF lzIff / lj/f6 ;x/x¿sf] lgdf{0fn] nfvf}F dflg;x¿sf] dfgl;stf kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5 .


tn pNn]lvt b'O{ nfOgn] hftsf] ;d:of ;bfsf] nflu ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u ug{;S5 .


df;' vfG5f} eg] blnt / z'› .

;a}sf nflu cfw'lgsLs/0f, ;a}sf] nflu v]tL sfo{ .


lgisif{ M cDa]8s/nfO{ cg'z/0f ug]{x¿n] lxGb" wd{nfO{ bf]if lbg' x'Fb}g . o; lxGb" wd{n] cGo hfltsf] pRr :t/sf] hLjgz}nL / tkfO{ xfd|f] lgDg :t/sf] hLjgz}nLsf] afah'b xfdLnfO{ Ps;fy /fvL/x]sf] 5 . dflyNnf] hftn] cfk\mgf] OR5fzlQmn] cfk\mgf] ;Dk"0f{ s'n / hftnfO{ cfw'lgs hLjgz}nLdf kl/jt{g u/]sf] 5 eg] tNnf] ju{sf] hLjgz}nL eP klg pgLx¿nfO{ cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ afWo kfg{ ;Sg'x'Gg . lxGb" wd{n] xfdLnfO{ ljeflht ub{}g . o;n] xfdLnfO{ pRr hflt;Fu hf]l8/x]sf] 5 .


xfdL;Fu gofF hft Joj:yf cfPkl5 xfdL s;/L k'/fgf] hft Joj:yfnfO{ gofFn] k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;S5f}F <

:ki6tM hftLo Joj:yf kl/jt{g ug{' ljz'¢ ;/sf/L sfd xf] . Jofks hglzIff tyf ;r]tgf cleofg / ;+ljwfg kl/jt{g lagf of] ;Dej 5}g . ;+ljwfgdf kl/jt{g eg]sf] Pp6f JolQmsf] dfq O{R5fn] x'g] xf]Og . o;sf] nflu 7"nf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nL rflxG5 . pQm 6f]nLsf gfd o'u kl/jt{g cg';Gwfg 6f]nL x'g]5, of] s'g} u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] sfd eg] xf]Og .  slDtdf ca xfdL;Fu clxn] tof/ ePsf] of] gofF cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] nflu cg';Gwfg s;/L ug{] / s'g ljifodf ug{] eGg] af/]sf] /f]8Dofk 5 . laut rf/ xhf/ jif{df h:t} xfdL klg cglj1 eg] j:g' kb}{g . olt dfq xf]Og, of] cg';Gwfg ;DkGg ug{sf] nflu w]/} 7"nf] r'gf}lt 5 To;}n] xfdLn] Pp6f ;fgf] b]zaf6 ;'? ug{'k5{ . k[YjLdf ef/t h:tf] hftLo Joj:yf ePsf] To:tf] ;fgf] csf]{ b]z eg]sf] g]kfn dfq xf] . g]kfn Ps ;fgf] b]z ePsf]n] cg';Gwfg nIo / glthf ;lhn} xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] d g]kfndf gofF /fhgLlts bn ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{ vf]Ng] of]hgfdf 5' . t/ Tof] eGbf klxn] xfdLn] cfxf/ ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t hft k|0ffnLsf] z'?jft ug]{ gofF cfGbf]ngnfO{ dflg;x¿n] s:tf] k|ltlqmof lbG5g\ eg]/ cg';Gwfg ug{'k5{ . xfdLn] tLgxhf/ jif{b]lv o; hflt Joj:yfnfO{ k5\ofpFb} cfPsfn] xfd|f] hftLo Joj:yf kl/jt{gsf] nflu ul/g] hglzIff / ;r]tgf cleofgnfO{ hgtfn] s:tf] k|ltlqmof lbg]5g\ eg]/ d kl/If0f ug{ rfxG5' .


of] gofF Joj:yfsf] nflu ;a}nfO{ hufpg / ;r]t u/fpg s:tf] k|sf/sf] cfGbf]ng rflxG5 <


o; cfGbf]ngsf] gfd gdz}tfg cleofg x'g]5 .


gdz}tfg cfGbf]ng M of] cfd lxGb'x¿df ePsf] t/ nueu ljif{g nfluPsf] b}jL cfTdfnfO{ hufpg] cfGbf]ng xf] . o; cleofgdf lxGb'x¿n] lxGb' wd{sf] ktgsf] jf:tljs sf/0f klxrfg ug{'kg{]5 . wd{ ktgsf] jf:tljs sf/0f yfxf kfpg] JolQmnfO{ slNs;]gf elgG5 . hflt Joj:yfsf] kb;f]kfg dfGg] JolQm hGdsf] cfwf/df geO{ ;dfhdf s] ug{] eGg]df cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ / df;' jf dlb/f ;]jg ug{] JolQmnfO{ a|fXd0fsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ gul/g' k5{ . k};fljxLg ;dfhnfO{ ;dy{g ug{] JolQm hxfF cldtfe aRrg, d's]z cDafgL h:tf wgf8\o tyf / l/S;f rfns h:tf cfDbfgL ePsf JolQmx¿ ;dfg x'g]5g\ . oL nufot 9'Ëfsf] z}tfg / 9'Ëfdf b]jtfdf s] leGgtf 5 egL hfGg] JolQm g} slNs;]gf x'g\ . t/ wd{ ktgsf] jf:tljs sf/0fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ grfxg] JolQmnfO{ dn]R5 -slno'usf] /fIf;_ elgG5 . Ps slNs;]gfn] csf]{ slNs;]gfnfO{ gd:t] eg]/ clejfbg ug]{5 / dn]R5nfO{ eg] gdz}tfg eGg]5 .


Pp6f dflg;n] csf]{ dflg;nfO{ gd:t] eg]/ clejfbg ug'{sf] dtna Tof] dflg; leq la/fhdfg O{Zj/nfO{ gdg ug'{x'G5 . gdz}tfgsf] cy{rflxF z}tfgnfO{ gdg eGg] nfU5 . xfd|f] ;dfhnfO{ cwf]ultdf ws]Ng], c;dfgtf a9fpg], ljleGg ¢0¢df km;fpg], gful/s ljefhg / ¢]iftfsf] cj:yfdf n}hfg] dflg;df O{Zj/ geP/ z}tfgsf] cfr/0f lj/fhdfg x'G5, tL dflg;x¿ g} dn]R5 x'g\ . tLg} dn]R5x¿ ;dfhnfO{ ljWj+zpGd'v agfpF5g\ . 


lxGb' ;dfhdf uf}dftf df+;xf/ ug]{, 5'jf5't / hftLo e]befjsf] v]tL ug]{, wlg / ul/aaLrsf] c;dfgtfnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{, alxlg;Fu ljjfxf ug]{, dflg;nfO{ kz'jt Jojxf/ b]vfpFg] oL ;a} dn]R5df u0fgf x'G5g\ . ;dfhdf cjl:yt /fd|f Joj:yf, j}1flgstf Pj+ ;dfhnfO{ ce}m ;'wf/pGd'v / k|ultjflb agfpg] pb]:on] k|ltkflbt gofF cj/fw0ffsf] lj/f]wug]{ ;a} dflg;x¿ dn]R5 au{ x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] cfj/0f / cfr/0f b'a} kl/jt{g x'g h¿/L 5 . 


gdz}tfg cleofgn] cfd dfgjnfO{ hfu[t ug]{5 . o;n] ;dfhdf ;s/fTds kl/jt{g rfxfg] / grfxfg] b'O{ km/s ;d'xnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] 5 . 

Pp6f ldlt 5gf]6 x'g]5 / Tof] ldltkl5 dfq ;a}n] gdz}tfg zAb k|of]u ug{ ;'? ug{]5g\  . ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{n] hfu/0f cleofg k"/f u/L clGtd ldlt 3f]if0ff gu/];Dd s;}n] klg ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf gdz}tfg zAb k|of]u ug{] 5}gg\ . ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{af6 Tof] ldtL 3f]if0ff geP;Dd ;a} hgfn] slNs;]gfsf] ;b:o ;+Vof / cleofGtf a9fpg] dfq sfd ug]{5g\ . 


dn]R5 eg]sf] sf] xf] <


!_ Ps JolQm h;n] df;' vfg] JolQmnfO{ a|fXd0fsf] ¿kdf ;dy{g ub{5 jf :jLsf5{ / hftLo Joj:yfsf] k'g M OlGhlgol/ªsf] lj/f]w ub{5 . 

@_ Ps JolQm h;n] ljQLo kbfg'qmdnfO{ ;dy{g ub{5,  nf]stflGqs ;dfgtfnfO{ xf]Og .

#_ d"lt{df eujfg dfq vf]Hg'rflxF g/fd|f] xf] / d"lt{df z}tffg e]§fpg'rflxF g/fd|f] xf]Og eg]/ ;f]Rg] JolQm .


slNs;]gf sf] x'g\ <

!_ hf] hGdsf] cfwf/df lgwf{l/t hft k|yf Tofu]/ cfxf/ljxf/sf] cfr/0fsf cfwf/df gofF hftk|yf dfGg tof/ x'G5 . 

@_ h;n] ;dfhdf wgL ul/a dlxnf k'?if nufot ;a} k]zf / Joj;fodf ;+nUg ;a}sf] cfo ;dfgx'g] Joj:yf slNsjfb Nofpg rfxG5 .  

#_ h;n] kTy/leq z}tfg dfq x}g, eujfgnfO{ klg vf]Hg / a'e\mg ;S5 . 


cfGbf]ng s;/L ;'? ug{] <

!_ klxn] sf7df8f}+sf ;a} sn]hdf 5nkmn sfo{qmd ug]{, lel8of] agfpg] .

@_ sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿n] cfk\mgf] lhNnf, gu/ jf ufpFkflnsfdf ePsf cGo sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿;Fu pQm lel8of] ;]o/ ug]{, 

#_ ;a} gu/kflnssf snh]df sf7df8f}Fsf ljBfyL{n] slNs;]gfsf] zfvf cyjf OsfO{ ;ldtLx¿ u7g ug]{, -o;df s'g} btf{ k|s[of x'b}g, j}rfl/s ;dy{g cleofg dfq xf] . slNs;]gfn] d klg slNs;]gf x'F eGg] k]m;a's k|f]kmfOn dfq /fVbf x'G5 . _ 

$_ ef/tdf cGgfn] h:t} u/L ;/sf/;Fu o'u kl/jt{g cg';Gwfg 6f]nL lgdf{0fsf] dfu ug]{, / To;sf nflu ;dfh;]jL / b]zk|]dLx?sf] 5gf]6 ug]{ . 

%_cfGbf]ngnfO{ j}wflgs agfpg Go"gtd Ps / clwsQd ;Dej eP ;Dd u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf vf]hL  ug]{ .

^_  lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{fnoaf6 cg'dlt lng] .

&_ sf7df8f}+df d'Vo cleofg 6f]nL / ;Dk{s cyjf  a}7s sfo{no agfpg] .

*_ cGgfn] u/]h:t] sf7df8f}F 6'l8v]ndf d~r lgd{f0f ug]{ .

(_ :6]hn] eGg]5 tkfO{ slNs;]gf aGg rfxg'x'G5 ls dn]R5 <

!)_  g]kfnLdf tof/ ul/Psf] of] n]v krf{ Jofks ljt/0f ug]{ .

!!_ g]kfndf s'g} bfg k|jw{g gug]{ . e|i6frf/af6 aRg s;}n] klg rGbf :jLsf/ gug]{ . o;sf] cnjf cfly{s Joawfg, larngtf x6fpg / ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug{ b'O{ tl/sf ckgfO{g] 5 .


s_ b]zsf] x/]s gu/kflnsfdf zfvf ePsf] s'g} Ps Joj;flos 3/fgfnfO{ slNs;]gfsf] cflwsfl/s 6]«8dfs{ nf]uf] o'Qm Kofs]6 ;dfg / ;'ky d'Nodf a]Rg] clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ul/g] 5 . 


v_ ls t b]zsf] x/]s sn]hdf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿n] rf/kfFr hgfsf] ;d'x lgdf{0f u/L slNs;]gfsf] l6;6{ nufO{ ;DalGwt If]qsf] x/]s 3/df k'lu slNs;]gfsf] cleofgsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L ;d]t lbO{ slNs;]gfsf] Kofs]6 a]Rg]5g\ . 


lo b'O{ dWw] s'g} Ps cyjf b'a}sf] ;ldl>t :j?ksf] cjnDjg ug]{ ;DaGwdf clGtd lg0f{o lng] ;jf{lwsf/ ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{sf kl/sNkgfsf/ >L ho ;fxsf] l;kmfl/; / ;'emfjdf cfwfl/t eO{ ;Too'u ;dfh kf6L{sf] cWoIf jf ax'dt ;b:osf] ;df'lxs ;xdltdf lglxt /xg] 5 . pko'Qm ;dodf of] lg0f{o ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 . 

!@_ k|To]s ;x/df cGgfsf] h:tf] cfkm\g} :6]h agfpg sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿ cu|;/ x'g'k5{ . 

!#_ o;/L ag]sf] :6]hdf slNs;]gfsf] nf]uf]sf] 7'nf] tl:j/ /flvPsf] x'g'k5{ . 

!$_;a} slNs;]gfsf] Kofs]6 leq em08f, xftdf nufpg] ?b|fIfsf] dfnf, Pp6f kmf/d / c? cfj:os ;fdfgx¿ x'g]5 . 

!%_ em08fnfO{ 3/df /flvg] 5, ?b|fIfsf] dfnf xftdf nufO{g]5 eg] kmf/drflxF :yfgLo hgk|ltlglwnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 . 

!^_ ;/sf/af6 ck]lIft ;xof]u gePsf] v08df ;fdfg a]r]/ cfPsf] cfDbfgLaf6 cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] Jooef/ axg ul/g] 5 . 

!&_ x/]s sn]haf6 k|To]s xKtf ;f]djf/sf] lbg Ps b'O{306fsf] nflu ;r]tgf cleofg :j?k ;DjlGwt If]q kl/qmdfsf] sfo{qmd ul/g]5 . 


!%_ gf/fx¿ M of] cfGbf]ng ;'? ug{' cl3 Go"gtd !) gf/fx¿ lglZrt ug{ cfjZos 5 .

s_ df;' vfg] nfO a|fXd0f dfGb}gf}F . 

v_ k'/fgf] hft k|yf af;L eof] . 

u_ xfld slNs;]gf, xfdL o'u kl/jt{g ug]{5f}F  .

3_ df;' vfg' eof] eg] tkfO{ blnt xf] .

ª_ hGdsf] cfwf/df hft k|yf uNtL xf], kl/jt{g xfdLnfO{ rflxG5 rflxG5  .

r_ xfdL slNs;]gf, gu/ hufpg cfPsf 5f}F, 

5_ xd slNs;]gf, gu/ hafa] cfOnl5,

h_ xd slNs;]gf, gu/ hafa] cfOnaflg,

em_ xd slNs;]gf, gu/ hufg] cfP x},







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