Thursday, October 01, 2015

In The News (6)

महोत्तरीमा बिश्व कृतीमान मानव साँग्लो कायम गर्दा गर्दै उमेश कापर बेहोश भई खसेर शहिद भएका छन्।#notmyconstitution

Posted by Upendra Mahato on Thursday, October 1, 2015
Posted by Prashant Jha on Thursday, October 1, 2015

Way to UN to demonstrate against indian blockade on nepal.

Posted by Pramod Sitaula on Thursday, October 1, 2015

U.S. and Canada. India and Nepal. Similar people. Similar religion. Similar language. Similar heritage. U.S. and...

Posted by Simón Dhungana on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

अब रुकेङ्गे नहि,झुकेङ्गे नही । ।विर मधेशी अब लडेङ्गे । ।मधेशी वो का नरशन्हार जारी ।जनकपुर से मिला ३५ से जायदा मानव कन...

Posted by Binay Panjiyar on Thursday, October 1, 2015

I get jittery whenever MEA reiterates we have 'special' relation. It cleraly means, Nepal is not sovereign. We just want 'normal' relation.

Posted by Dinesh Prasain on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

#HumanChainTerai - an expression of pan-Madhesh solidarity, and an example of a peaceful protest! Via Nayan P. Sindhuliya

Posted by Khushbu Mishra on Thursday, October 1, 2015

जनकपुर देखि लहान । अनेक अनुभव, छलफल र मानव सृंखला !

Posted by Jay Prakash Gupta on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Is Ambassador Rae 'noting' Indian blockade isnt that popular in Nepal?

Posted by Dinesh Prasain on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

We Nepalis, as a people, seem to have unrealistic beliefs of our own abilities and power. We suffer from impaired...

Posted by Anil Jung Shahi on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Retweeted Bhojraj Bhat (@bhojbhat):निजी सवारीलाई पेट्रोलियम नदिइने निर्णय दी. समाधान होइन,समाधान त त्यो वेला निस्केला,जुन वेला सरकारले भारतीय दुतावासलाई तेल नदिने निर्णय गर्ला

Posted by Dinesh Prasain on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Perspective.Attempted translation: "When 56 Madhesi were shot people kept silence. Two days of blockade caused so much...

Posted by Khushbu Mishra on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Retweeted Ajit Baral (@AjitBaral):मधेशको समर्थन गर्न भारतको समर्थन गर्नु पर्दैन है । अनि भारतको विरोध गर्दा मधेशको विरोध हुन्छ भन्ने नि छैन है ।

Posted by Dinesh Prasain on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

भारतलाई नेपालले झुकाउने भनेकै चिन तर्फका नाकाहरु सक्रिय गराएर हो । त्यसो गर्दा २ वटा फाईदा छन् । उत्तरी नाकाहरुबाट नेप...

Posted by Bijaya Poudel on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

भगवान ने पूरा दिया नहींफिर भी जोश मे कमी नहीं। - मेची महाकाली ११५५ कि मी मानव साँग्लो#notmyconstitution

Posted by Upendra Mahato on Thursday, October 1, 2015

तराई मधेश राष्ट्रीय अभियानको आयोजनामा आज लहानको शहीद रमेश महतो चौकमा बिशाल बिरोध सभाको आयोजन भयो । यस सभामा तमरा अभियान...

Posted by Jay Prakash Gupta on Thursday, October 1, 2015

मानब साँग्लोमेची-महाकाली ११५५ किमी#notmyconstitution

Posted by Upendra Mahato on Thursday, October 1, 2015

जब जोश और जज्बा हो ऐसा तो तुम शोषक क्या रोक पाओगे हमे अधिकार लेने से.....बिश्व कृतिमान मानव साँग्लो#notmyconstitution

Posted by Upendra Mahato on Thursday, October 1, 2015

After all has been said and done about Nepal and its internal squabbles, one thing became clear, “Don’t waste your time with explanations, people only hear what they want to hear.” Quote by Paulo Coelho.

Posted by Puru Shah on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Ghumto ma basne buhari samet human chain ma

Posted by Shailendra Ambedkar on Thursday, October 1, 2015

अधिकार मुझे भी चाहीए...बिश्व कृतिमान मानव साँग्लोमेची-महाकाली#notmyconstitution

Posted by Upendra Mahato on Thursday, October 1, 2015

मुलुकलाई के के न गर्छु भनेर आफ्नो नागरिकताको दुनु सोझ्याएको होइन यदी भने मुलुममा भारतले नाङै नाचिरहदा विश्व भरिका ६४ वटा...

Posted by Bijaya Poudel on Thursday, October 1, 2015

लहानमा तमरा अभियानको बिरोध सभा शहीद रमेश महतो चौकमा ।

Posted by Jay Prakash Gupta on Thursday, October 1, 2015

१३ गते २०७२ फुलगामामे

Posted by Brikhesh Chandra Lal on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

साथिहरू भेला हुदैको अबस्था

Posted by Pramod Sitaula on Thursday, October 1, 2015

जनकपुरमा आज पाइएको मानव लाश हरुको ढेरी यस् वर्षको सबै भन्दा बढी गम्भीर खबर हुनु पर्दछ । सर्वोच्च अदालत ले हस्तक्षेप गरी यसबारे तुरन्त सरकार संग जबाब मांग्नु पर्दछ ।

Posted by Sarita Giri on Thursday, October 1, 2015

#टोकियो स्थित भारतीय दूतावास अगाडि प्रदर्शन, मोदीलाई पत्र http://t.co/ZUZVGahlYw #नागरिक #नाकाबन्दी

Posted by Guna Raj Luitel on Thursday, October 1, 2015

अबदेखि मर्निङ वाक नगर्ने। हिडेर अफिस जाने। यसले समय र स्राेत दुबै बचाउँछ। अनि बन्छ हाम्राे स्वास्थ्य। #जयनेपाल

Posted by Guna Raj Luitel on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Live Interview mai Madhesh ka sher Hridayesh Tripathi aaj manav sanjal ko sambodith kiya Indian chanal mai.

Posted by Dhiraj Tripathi on Thursday, October 1, 2015
Posted by Rajesh Ahiraj on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

अाज ३ घण्टामा करिब १६ किमि पैदल यात्रा गरिएछ। अत्यन्त फूर्तिलाे महसुस भइरहेकाे छ। #नाकाबन्दी

Posted by Guna Raj Luitel on Thursday, October 1, 2015

Um. Those fulminating against India, the UN & NYT as agents of radicalism in Nepal may want to check if they've lost touch with reality.

Posted by Manjushree Thapa on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Posted by Pramod Sitaula on Thursday, October 1, 2015

We know just how you're feeling this #Monday! #MondayBlues #FunnyKid #SleepingInClass #MondayMorning

Posted by India.com on Monday, September 21, 2015

#Mainstream_Media_in_Nepal is not reporting #Madhesh_movement n unfortunately just talking about/against blockade of #Nepal_India_border !

Posted by Sarita Giri on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Thank U Indian ppl for objecting to Modi's inhuman blockade of post-quake Nepal just bcoz we exercised our SOVEREIGNTY ! #NepalRedFlagsModi

Posted by Dinesh Prasain on Thursday, October 1, 2015

तिकापुर कैलाली बात ल्याएर ३ दर्जन लाश जनकपुर मा फालिन्छ भन्ने अन्य शहर मा कती फाल्याहोला ? सैकदो थारुलाई त्याहा मारेको अहिले पुस्ती भयो ।

Posted by Mahesh Yadav Adhikari on Thursday, October 1, 2015

इन्धन न पाएपछी निजी साधन घर लानु को अर्थ छैन । आ आफ्नो साधन सिंहदरवार , मन्त्री क्वाटर , नेता को घर र दुताबाश को ढोका मा थन्क्याउ । नेताहरु ले पैदल हिड्नु परे पछी जनता को पिडा बुझ्छन होला ।

Posted by Rajesh Ahiraj on Wednesday, September 30, 2015
Posted by Santosh Bhagat on Thursday, October 1, 2015

Nepal Government has no petrol, diesel but Government will not fulfill the demand of madhesi people. What Kathmandu do now?

Posted by Mahesh Yadav Adhikari on Wednesday, September 30, 2015

Overwhelming Historical Moment in People's Peaceful Movement #Nepalhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_chain...

Posted by Madhesi Community on Thursday, October 1, 2015
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#HumanChainTerai

This is pure genius: https://twitter.com/hashtag/HumanChainTerai The Longest Human Chain In World History.

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राहुल जी, आप किस दुनिया में रहते हैं?

#HumanChainTerai



जिस देशमें गंगा बहती है आप उस देश में नहीं रहते क्या? राहुल जी, आप किस दुनिया में रहते हैं?

आप के ही पिताजी ने नेपाल में १९८९ में जो नाकाबंदी की उसके बदौलत नेपालमे लोकतंत्र आयी। आप के ही परदादा ने नेपाल में राणा शासन ख़त्म किया। आप की दादी से पाकिस्तान द्वारा बांग्लादेश में किया अत्याचार सहा नहीं गया।

आज नेपाल में मधेसी अपने हक़ हित के लिए लड़ रहे हैं। मुनासिब है कि आप विपक्ष में हैं लेकिन कुछ मुद्दे ऐसे होते हैं की पक्ष विपक्ष नहीं देखा जाता। मोदी आज वही कर रहे हैं जो आप के पिता श्री ने किया। मोदी की तरह आप भी सॉलिडेरिटी दिखाइए। ताकि नेपाल के मधेसी को लगे राहुल सही बोल रहे हैं। असत्य पर सत्य की लड़ाई हो रही है। आप असत्य को मत पकड़िए।

Mass Grave Enearthed In Janakpur
Hrithik Roshan Riots Redux?
The Earthquake, Facebook, And $17 Million
Former Indian Ambassador Shiv Shankar Mukherjee
Pahadi Men, Take Note
Indophobia In Kathmandu
70,000 In Janakpur
Why Nepal's New Constitution Is A Sham
The Indian Century Begins In Nepal
Indian Blockade: Gamechanger
Madhesi Kranti 3: In Solidarity
Former Indian Ambassador Jayant Prasad
Nepal Is Burning, Madhesh Is Burning
Extreme Police Brutality
SSS = KKKK
Nepal Needs A Constitution
The Tamils Of Sri Lanka And Me


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यो यति हरामी संविधान बनेको छ

संसोधन गर्न थाल्ने हो भने बिरालो को बच्चा ले उनको पोको ठम्याउन खोजे जस्तो हुन्छ।

मधेसी को माग पुरा गरे पछि दलित सड़क मा आउनुपर्ने हो? महिला को पालो अर्को साल?





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मधेसी नेपाली कि भारतीय भन्ने प्रश्न नै होइन

मधेसी नेपाली नभएर भारतीय भएकोले विभेद गरिएको भए जनजाति विरुद्ध त विभेद नहुनु पर्ने। मधेसी नेपाली कि भारतीय भन्ने प्रश्न नै होइन। यो बिभेद राजनीतिक हो, जातीय होइन। आफ्नो मात्र जातीयता लाई सम्पुर्ण राष्ट्रको राष्ट्रियता चाहने हरु ले अंतिम हुइँया गरेको अवस्था छ। चाँडै घुँडा टेक्छन्। ८२० अरब को बजेट मध्ये ४०० अरब खाने जुका हरु का लागि यो क्रांति नून हो। नमक चाट रहे हैं। तड़पन हो रही है। संघीयता मा अहिले एक पैसा नपाउने मधेस को गाउँ ले वार्षिक १० करोड़ पाऊँछ। त्यो जनता को पैसा आफ्नो निजी खल्ती बाट जनता को मा जाने भो भनेर अत्यास परेको। हौसला बुलंद रखो। मंजिल अब करीब है। पहाड़ का पुरुष चाहिँ नेपाली भने पहाड़कै महिला चाहिँ के? पहाड़ का बाहुन जनसंख्या का ७% --- तर यो सात होइन शून्य दशमलब शून्य सात परसेंट को लिडे ढिपी सँग हामी लड्दै छौं।


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उपेन्द्र महतो

तपाइँ को "नेपाली" को परिभाषा मा स्वाभाविक छ उपेन्द्र महतो जस्ता नेपाली पर्दैनन्।

मुलुकलाई के के न गर्छु भनेर आफ्नो नागरिकताको दुनु सोझ्याएको होइन यदी भने मुलुममा भारतले नाङै नाचिरहदा विश्व भरिका ६४ वटा...

Posted by Bijaya Poudel on Thursday, October 1, 2015
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In The News (5)

English: PM Bhattarai during a live talk show.
English: PM Bhattarai during a live talk show. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Baburam Bhattarai’s U-turn opens window for India in Nepal
Bhattarai may also influence Madhesi leaders of Nepali Congress as well as United Communist Party, opening a window of opportunity for India while leading to reconfiguration of political equations in both the hill and terai areas of Nepal. ...... India has repeatedly called for a more inclusive constitution to ensure long-term stability in Nepal. With an open border being one of India's primary interests in Nepal, the country is working with the local government to keep anti-India forces at bay. Besides, it is in India's interests that democracy continues to thrive in Nepal and therefore its constitution should be durable .....

Bhattarai's revolt is the first major sign of discord among the power elites in the hills of Nepal on the character of the new constitution

...... the elites have shown no flexibility whatsoever in undertaking any constitutional amendment to meet aspirations of the Madhesis ..... Bhattarai contacted senior Madhes leader and former Minister Rajendra Mahato soon after his resignation and expressed his wish to be part of the community's movement ..... Bhattarai told Mahato that forces fighting for their rights must intensify the movement in Madhes against the discriminatory provisions of the constitution ......

If the hill community does not sympathise with and support Madhesis' genuine demands, Madhesis could choose a radical path which could destabilise Nepal



Baburam Bhattarai joins Madhesi cause, holds future of politics in his hands
Why Bhattarai, after three decades, will not be considered a communist anymore.
For long, Baburam Bhattarai has been a text-book and dogmatic communist. He believed in every word of it as conformed through his series of write-ups ..... he quit the party, severing his political association of nearly three decades with his boss and Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal , giving enough hints that he would join the movement launched by a few Madhes centric leaders. In fact, he had refused to join any official celebration over the promulgation of the constitution. ...... he quit the party, severing his political association of nearly three decades with his boss and Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal , giving enough hints that he would join the movement launched by a few Madhes centric leaders. In fact, he had refused to join any official celebration over the promulgation of the constitution. ..... how Bhattarai responds to the new constitution — demand an amendment, or its scrapping altogether — if Madhesis are not heard, will influence the future course of politics in Nepal, that shows no sign of being stable. But Bhattarai, after three decades, will not be considered a communist anymore.


Baburam Bhattarai’s stage set on fire, Ram Chandra Jha beaten up in Janakpur
The protesters vandalised the stage and set it on fire after Bhattarai cut short his speech and was escorted out from the stage amid hullabaloo. ..... The protesters beat up leader Ram Chandra Jha and manhandled with UCPN-Maoist leader Ram Kumar Sharma. Both are Bhattarai’s supporters. ...... It has been said that Bhattarai was protested as he did not show readiness to burn the new Constitution despite his alleged commitment to do so...... The protesters forced Bhattarai to flee the venue and chased him up to Janakpur Airport. Security personnel had to struggle hard to escort him to the airport...... Several tear gas shells were lobbed to disperse the protesters outside the airport, while at least seven protesters were injured in lathi charge.....

As he was greeted with booing for addressing in Nepali, Bhattarai switched to Hindi

Tarai parties give BRB cold shoulder
Madhesi parties have given a cold shoulder to Baburam Bhattarai’s request to fight for their cause....... In a telephone conversation with Sadbhawana Party Chairman Rajendra Mahato, Bhattarai said that he was willing to fight for the cause of Madhesi, Janajati and Tharu communities....... In reply,

Mahato thanked Bhattarai for the support, but said that they cannot entertain his belated request to join their struggle. Such move would only raise scepticism, Mahato told Bhattarai.

.... Laxman Lal Karna, Sadbhawana Party co chair, declined to comment on the prospects of Bhattarai joining their movement. He, however, said that anyone was free to support them. After declaring his exit from the UCPN (Maoist) on Saturday, Bhattarai now plans to join the ongoing struggle of Madhes, Tharu and Janajati communities.
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Types Of Groups

W. R. Bion on Group Dynamics
by Paramendra Bhagat
December 13, 1999.

W. R. Bion, in his book Experiences in Groups and Other Papers (1959), delineates his observations on Group Dynamics.

Groups are formed with a loss of individual distinctiveness on the part of the individuals composing them and are defined as an “aggregation of individuals in the same state of regression (Bion 142).” Human groups have an element of instant recognition for each other no matter what the diversity in their cultural backgrounds. They are more than the sum of the members composing them. Members are stimulated by their groups but are also repelled by the primitive fears they ignite (187). Initiation into a group has been compared to a newborn’s first contact with the mother’s breast.

Bion introduces several concepts, one of which is that of the proto-mental system, “(one) in which physical and mental activity is undifferentiated, and which lies outside the field ordinarily considered profitable for psychological investigation (153).” It is a realm that does not deal with individual or even group psychology but with the dynamics of groups the way chemists deal with the electrons but not the nucleus of the atom, or the cook deals with food but not with the composition of it the way a chemist might. This concept takes group dynamics beyond the realms of studies of individuals as individuals rather than members of groups.

Another concept Bion introduces is that of valency, borrowed from chemistry. It is described as “the capacity of the individual for instantaneous combination with other individuals in an established pattern of behavior (175).” This concept leads credence to the later assertion that individuals start with some primal instincts within them that they seek to fulfill after losing part of their individuality once gaining membership of groups.

The leader of the group plays an important role in sustaining it and is focal to its existence, but it is not true that the group is the invention of the leader, the opposite is. The group creates its leader who or, in the case of an idea being the leader, which sustains it. Some person or idea fills the role already created by the type of group that might happen to be. The freedom of the leader is considerably circumcised as that of the members of the group even though the members instinctively might feel the need to follow the leader. The group ignores the leader that moves beyond the prescribed role or the “basic assumption,” a concept to be dealt with later in the paper. Hence the leader does stand out in that he or she or it is indispensable but is not free. The leadership roles differ depending on the nature of the group.

There are two basic types of groups: the work groups, and the basic assumption groups.

The work groups meets to perform a certain task and focus on certain mental activities rather than the individuals that are its components (143). The work groups tend to rely on rational methods to perform their set tasks. The work groups engage in translating thoughts and feelings into action and behavior that hold some relationship to reality whereas the basic assumption groups permeate feelings and are indifferent to their surrounding reality.

Unlike the basic assumption groups, the work groups place an emphasis on understanding, growth and development. Hence the work groups tend to have organizations and structures whereas the basic assumption groups do without them because they can do without feelings of co-operation. Intellectual activity that might not fit in with the basic assumptions are ignored by the basic assumption groups. The valency of the individuals in the case of the basic assumption groups does what co-operation does for the work groups. The basic assumption groups rely on primal feelings for their sustenance and are not composed to seek development. In fact they experience intense feelings of vitality when they manage to resist change (159).

The work groups recognize time but the basic assumption groups do not. In fact the basic assumption groups feel threatened by any attempt to make it aware of the dimension of time and persecute any such efforts. The basic assumption groups are immune to both development and decay (171). These groups neither disperse nor meet. The experience of impatience for the work groups is translated into a feeling of anxiety on the part of the basic assumption groups.

Verbal exchange is an element associated with the work groups and not with the basic assumption groups. The basic assumption groups do not use language as a vehicle for thought and its use lacks precision and scope. There is a limited use for the formation and use of symbolic communication. The characteristic is tied in with the group's urge to do without development.

It is important for the leader of a work group to maintain contact with reality but the leader of a basic assumption group can do without it.

The basic assumption groups respond "involuntarily, automatically, inevitably" to unexplained impulses and release psychotic anxiety and basically are "emotional states that find an outlet in the mass action of the group in behavior that seems to have coherence if it is considered to be the outcome of a basic assumption (189)." The feelings of anxiety, fear, hate and love are commonly shared by the basic assumption groups.

The basic assumption groups are of three broad types: the dependence groups, the pairing groups and the fight-flight groups. There also are schismatic groups and specialized work groups.

The feelings that hold these groups are guilt and depression in the case of the dependent group, Messianic hope in the case of the pairing group, and anger and hate in the case of the fight-flight group. God or some "past" leader is at the helm of the dependent group. In the case of the pairing group it is the unborn genius or the "future" leader. The fight-flight group accepts for its leader whoever might lead it to run away from or attack an object or group that is hated or feared and can adeptly change to one mode of action from another.

The dependent group relies on its history to provide it with leadership.

Schismatic groups exist when one large group has the qualities of the dependent group and is resistant to change whereas there is a much smaller reciprocal group that is so devoted to some new idea that it therefore has few converts. The two groups avoid coming together and thus development is prevented. "Society breeds copiously from its least cultural members while the 'best' people remain obdurately sterile (160)."

The pairing group is characterized by "the air of hopeful expectation (151)." The feelings are diametrically opposite to those of hatred, destruction and despair; but it is important that the leader, not necessarily a member of the group or even a person, but perhaps an idea or an object, remains unborn and the Messianic hope remains unrealized for the group to continue its existence. Once they are realized, the group is weakened and feelings of hope are gradually taken over by feelings of despair.

Some work groups develop sub-groups that provide the channel for the need for Messianic hope without disturbing the functionality of the work group.

The fight-flight group, of all the groups, exhibits a total absence of understanding as a technique for functioning and is driven almost exclusively by the feeling of hate.

Bion proposes that groups are driven by something even more fundamental than the basic assumptions and they are the primitive phantasies about the mother's body. There is a primal impulse to pair and the resultant anxiety makes individuals seek allies. "The more disturbed the group the more easily discernible are these primitive phantasies and mechanisms … the more stable the more it corresponds to Freud's description of the group as a repetition of family group patterns and neurotic mechanisms (165)."

It is possible to raise the mental life of a group to a higher mental plane such that the basic assumption groups do not get in the way of the work groups but that is done by acknowledging rather than ignoring the emotions that drive the basic assumption groups. While Bion's observations explain the strong resistance to change extracted by groups all around us, they also posit hope that the same understanding can provide room to devise ways in which change can be implemented meaningfully.

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मधेसी लाई भारतीय भन्ने बानी परेका हरु

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Mass Grave Enearthed In Janakpur

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In The News (4)



“मानव साङ्गलो”ले बनायो विश्व रेडर्क
हुलाकी मार्गमा सहभागी प्रत्यक्षदर्शीका अनुसार बंगलादेशको रेकर्ड तोडिएको बताएका छन् । उनका अनुसार केहीबेरमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पर्यवेक्षकहरुले अनुगमन गरी विश्व रेकर्डमा दर्ज हुनेछ । ... यसअघि बंगलादेशमा महिला तथा बालबालिका हिंसाविरुद्ध गरिएको मानव साङ्गलो १०५० किलोमिटर रहेको थियो । नेपालमा मेचीदेखि महाकालीसम्म हुलाकी राजमार्ग भइरहेको मानव साङ्गलोको लम्बाई ११५५ किलोमिटर रहेको छ ।
हुलाकी राजमार्गमा 'मानव साङ्लो'(फोटो फिचर)



जनकपुरमा गाडिएको अवस्थामा भेटियो शंकास्पद लाशहरु (फोटो सहित)



घर जाने बेला डामिए अर्का एमाले मन्त्री, महेश बस्नेतको मदिरा कमिसन छताछुल्ल





टीकापुर घटनामा सशस्त्रका आईजीपी ‘मुख्य दोषी’ ठहर



राजनीतिक सहमतिका आधारमा सीमाकंन हेरफेर गर्ने तीनदलको प्रस्ताव
मधेसी मोर्चाले राखेको सर्तप्रति सत्तापक्ष सकारात्मक
प्रमुख तीनदल राजनीतिक सहमतिका आधारमा प्रदेशहरुको सीमांकन हेरफेर गर्न सहमत भएका छन् । यसले मधेसी मोर्चासँग सहमति हुने सम्भावनालाई बढाएको छ । .... तीनदलले तत्काल संविधान संशोधन गरेर समानुपातिक समावेशी र निर्वाचन क्षेत्रसम्वन्धी विषय सम्बोधन गर्न सकिने बताएका छन् । नयाँ संविधानमा संशोधन गरेर सामाजिक न्यायको हकमा समानुपातिक समावेशी राख्ने र हालको जिल्लाको भूगोलमा एक निर्वाचन क्षेत्र नहट्ने गरी बाँकी जनसंख्याका आधारमा निर्वाचन क्षेत्र निर्धारण गर्ने तीनदलको प्रस्ताव छ । ..... सीमाकंनको हकमा पनि लचिलो भएर प्रस्तुत हुने तीन दलको निर्णय छ । सात प्रदेशको सीमांकन हेरफेर गर्न यसअघि नै सहमत भइसकेका तीनदलले राजनीतिक सहमतिका आधारमा प्रदेशहरुको सीमा हेरफर गर्न सकिने प्रस्ताव मधेसी मोर्चासमक्ष राख्ने निर्णय गरेको छ । ..... तीनदलको बैठकपछि एमाओवादी उपाध्यक्ष एवं वार्ता टोली सदस्य नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ प्रकाशले भने, सीमाकंनको हकमा सीमांकन आयोगको प्रतिवेदनलाई समेत ध्यानमा राखेर राजनीतिक सहमतिका आधारमा सीमांकन गर्ने प्रस्ताव मधेसी मोर्चासमक्ष राख्ने सहमति भएको छ ।’


संविधान संशोधन हैन, पुनर्लेखन गर्नुपर्छ : मधेशी मोर्चाको अडान
मधेश आन्दोलनको लगाम उपेन्द्र यादव, महन्थ ठाकुर र राजेन्द्र महतोहरुको हातमा रहेको र भारतले पनि मधेशी मोर्चालाई नै आधिकारिक शक्ति मानेकोले तीन दल र सरकारले गच्छदारसँग सहमति गरिहाले पनि त्यसले मधेश आन्दोलन नरोकिने स्रोतको ठहर छ । ...... ठाकुरसँगको पछिल्ला दुई वार्तामा मधेशी मोर्चा टसमस भएको छैन । मधेशी मोर्चा टसमस नभएपछि वार्ता टोलीका सदस्यहरुले प्रमुख तीन पार्टीका अध्यक्षहरुले नै शीर्ष मधेशी नेताहरुसँग वार्ता गर्न चाहेको मंगलबारको भेटमा ठाकुरलाई जानकारी गराएका थिए । ..... तर ठाकुरले आफ्ना मागमा प्रमुख तीन दलका तर्फबाट भरपूर लचकताको आभास आफूहरुलाई नभएसम्म तीन दलका शीर्ष नेतासँगको वार्ताको पनि कुनै औचित्य नहुने धारणा राखेका थिए । ..... ठाकुरले संविधान संशोधन गरेर मात्रै नपुग्ने र पुनर्लेखन नै गर्नुपर्ने ..... पहिलो दिनको वार्ताकै क्रममा ठाकुरले तीन दलीय वार्ता टोलीका सदस्यहरुलाई संविधान संशोधनका लागि ४२ बुँदे प्रस्ताव हस्तान्तरण गरेका थिए । ..... बाहिर सद्भावना पार्टी अध्यक्ष राजेन्द्र महतोले मधेशका माग सम्बोधनका लागि संविधान पुनर्लेखन नै गर्नुपर्ने भनिरहेझैँ तमलोपा अध्यक्ष ठाकुरले ४२ बुँदे संशोधन प्रस्ताव बुझाएको र त्यो प्रस्ताव मान्न तीन दल तयार भए संविधान पुनर्लेखन नै गर्नुपर्ने स्रोतको भनाइ छ । ..... ‘वार्ताको वातावरण निर्माणका लागि मोर्चाद्वारा राखिएका पाँचबुँदे सर्त देखाउने दाँत मात्र हुन् । ४२ बुँदे संशोधन प्रस्तावमा समझदारी बन्ने सम्भावना देखिए मात्र मधेशी मोर्चाका नेताहरु औपचारिक वार्तामा बस्न तयार हुन्छन्,’ उनले ठोकुवा गरे । ...... ४२ बुँदे संशोधन प्रस्तावमा संविधान संशोधनका लागि भारतले नेपाली नेताहरुलाई दिएको भनिएको ७ बुँदे प्रस्तावका सबै बुँदा पनि समावेश छन्, जुन मधेश आन्दोलनको क्रममा पहिलेदेखि उठ्दै आएका माग हुन् । यसका साथै संविधानको प्रस्तावनामा मधेश विद्रोह वा मधेश आन्दोलन शब्दावली लेख्नुपर्ने र ‘संघीय कानुनअनुसार हुने’ जस्ता शब्दावली नयाँ संविधानबाट हटाउनुपर्ने लगायतका विषयवस्तु संविधानको प्रस्तावनादेखि अनुसूचिसम्म राख्नुपर्ने ४२ बुँदे प्रस्तावमा उल्लेख रहेको ..... संघीय सीमाङ्कनको सम्बन्धमा राज्यपुनर्संरचनासम्बन्धी उच्चस्तरीय सुझाव आयोगको प्रतिवेदनअनुसार झापादेखि पर्सासम्म पूर्वी मधेश थरहट र चितवनदेखि पश्चिम कञ्चनपुरसम्म पश्चिमी थरुहट मधेश प्रदेशको अडानबाट पछि नहट्ने सहमति मोर्चाका नेताहरुले गरेका छन् ।


भोजपूरी उखान सुनाउँदै माधव नेपालले भने-म खाँटी मधेसी हुँ
मधेसका जनतामा फैलाइएको भ्रम चिर्न एमाले मधेस झर्छ'
माधवकुमार नेपालले राष्ट्रिय कार्यकर्ता भेलापछि एमाले संविधान बोकेर तराई मधेस पस्ने दावी गरेका छन् । .... ‘जनतालाई केही आन्दालनकारीले भ्रम फैलाएका छन्, अब हामी भ्रम चिर्न जान्छौं ।’ -..... मञ्चमा करीव आधा दर्जन मधेसी र थारु सभासद तथा नेताहरुलाई राखेर पत्रकारसँग प्रस्तुत भएका नेपालले आफू खाँटी मधेसी भएको बताए । ‘म गौरको पियोर मधेसी हुँ, हामी संविधान निर्माणमा व्यस्त भएका बेला मैदानमा एकल खेलाडी भएकाहरुले जनतामा भ्रम फिँजाए’ नेपालले भने । ..... नेपालसँगै मञ्चमा मधेसी सभासदहरु डा.वंशीधर मिश्र, नागेन्द्र चौधरी, रन्जना सरकार, आशा यादव, लालबाबु यादव र पूर्व सभासद सरला यादव उनी खाँटी मधेसी भएकोमा समर्थन जनाउँदै थिए । ...... नेपाल तीन पुस्तादेखि नै गौरका वासिन्दा हुन् । उनले पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा मधेसवादी दलहरु संविधान निर्माण प्रक्रियाबाट बाहिर रहे पनि ढिलोचाँढो सही बाटोमा आउने बताउँदै भोजपूरी उखान समेत सुनाए । ‘हाम्रो तराइ मधेशमा भोजपूरीमा उखान छ-सुबहके भुलाइल अगर सामके घर लौट गइल त ओकरा भुलाईल न कहल जाला’ नेपालले अथ्र्याउँदै भने-‘बिहान हराएको मानिस साँझ घर फर्कियो भने उसलाई हराएको भनिँदैन ।’ ....... रौतहट क्षेत्र नम्बर १ बाट निर्वाचित सभासद समेत रहेका नेपालले संविधानमा मधेसीलाई कहिँ कतै भेदभाव नगरिएको बताए । उनले भने-निर्वाचन क्षेत्र लगायत कतिपय राजनीतिक मागहरु संशोधनबाट सम्बोधन हुने भनिएको छ ।’ ..... नयाँ संविधानलाई सबै मधेसी र थारुहरुले अस्वीकार गरे भनेर भ्रमपूर्ण प्रचार गरिएको नेपालले बताए । ‘तराईका १ सय १६ प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित सभासद मध्ये १०५ जना सभासदले हस्ताक्षर गरेका छन्’ नेपालले भने-‘११ जनाले हस्ताक्षर गरेनन् भन्दैमा सबै तराई मधेस बिरोधमा छ भन्न मिल्छ ?’ ..... मधेस आन्दोलनकारीले अब मधेसी जनताले नागरिकता पाउँदैनन्, सांसद मन्त्री हुन पनि पाउँदैनन् भनेर भ्रम सिर्जना गरिएको भन्दै उनले त्यसलाई चिर्न एमाले तराई मधेस झर्न लागेको बताए । नेपालले भने-हामी झडप गर्न होइन, जनतालाई बुझाउन जाने हो । एमालेका कोही पनि कार्यकर्ता आन्दोलनमा छैनन्, त्यस बापत हाम्रा कार्यकर्ताले बिभिन्न खाले आक्रमण झेलिरहेका छन् ।’ .....कार्यक्रममा एमाले महासचिव ईश्वर पोखरेलले मधेसमा अनेक खाले हौवा खडा गरिएकाले त्यसलाई चिर्न अब एमाले सशक्त ढंगले मधेस पस्ने बताए ।


भारतीय नेता करण सिंह भन्छन्,‘समस्याको जिम्मेबार नेपाली नेता’(अन्तरवार्ता)
बाबुरामले मधेशी मोर्चालाई झुक्याए
सञ्चारमन्त्री रिजालको चेतावनी, ‘भारत र मोदीलाई गाली नगर्नुस्’
अंगिकृत नागरिकता लिएकालाई पनि अधिकार चाहिन्छ
तराई मधेस लोकतान्त्रिक पार्टीका वरिष्ठ नेता हृदय त्रिपाठीले भारतलाई नाकाबन्दी लगाएको भनेर जवरजस्ती तान्न खोजेको आरोप लगाउनुभयो । ‘नाकाबन्दी हामीले लगाएका हौँ’, उहाँले भन्नुभयो, ‘भारतलाई जवरजस्त तान्ने प्रयास भएको छ ।’ .... सरकारसँग वार्ता सकारात्मक रुपमा अगाडि बढेको बताउनुभएका तमलोपा नेता त्रिपाठीले आज हुने वार्ताले निकास दिन सक्नेमा आफू आशावादी रहेको उल्लेख गर्नुभयो । .... नेता त्रिपाठीले अंगिकृत नागरिकता लिएकालाई पनि राज्यका ठूला पदमा जान पाउने अधिकार रहनुपर्ने माग गर्नुभयो । उहाँले पहिलादेखि त्यो व्यवस्था रहेको दाबी गर्दै त्रिपाठीले अंगिकृत नागरिकता लिएकालाई केही उचित व्यवस्था गर्नुपर्ने आफूहरूको मागरहेको उल्लेख गर्नुभएको छ ।


जनकपुरमा एक दर्जनभन्दा बढी लास भेटियो, ३५ वटा हुन सक्ने(तस्बिरसहित)
उनले ती शव अस्पतालबाट ल्याउने गरेको बताए .... डाक्टर सन्तोष सिंहले एउटा शव व्यवस्थापन गरे वापत एक हजार रुपैयाँ दिने गरेका डुमले स्थानीयहरुलाई बताएका छन् । ...... डोमले ३५ वटा लास गाडेको बताएपनि अहिलेसम्म बालबालिका सहित एक करिब एक दर्जन खास भेटिएको छ ।

केही लासको शरिरमा गोली लागेको छ । केही लासको टाउकोमा कालो पट्टी बाँधिएको छ ।

त्यहाँ निकै गन्हाईरहेकोले लास खोज्ने काममा कठिनाई भइरहेको छ । ...... अहिले घटना स्थलमा मानिसहरुको घुँइचो लागेको छ ।


आफ्नै निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा जान डराए माधव नेपाल
रौतहट आएका नेकपा एमालेका वरिष्ठ नेता एवं पूर्व प्रधानमन्त्री माधव कुमार नेपाल आफ्नै निर्वाचन क्षेत्र गौर पुग्न सकेनन् । मधेशी मोर्चाका कार्यकर्ताले आक्रमण गर्ने डरले नेता नेपाल आफ्नै निवासस्थल र निर्वाचन क्षेत्र गौर पुग्न सकेनन् । गौर पुग्न नसकेपछि नेता नेपालले चन्द्रपुरमै कार्यक्रम गरेका छन् । ... रौतहट क्षेत्र नं १ बाट विजय भएका नेता नेपाल आफनै निर्वाचन क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्ने हिम्मत नभए पछि गौर वासी नेता नेपाललाई डर छेरुवा नेता भनेर गौरमा नाराबाजी गरेका छन् । संविधान जारी भएपछि एमाले र नेता माधव नेपालप्रति जनताको आक्रोशबाट डराएका उनी चन्द्रनिगाहपुरबाट अगाडि बढ्न नसकेका हुन् । .... नेता नेपाल निर्वाचन क्षेत्र नंं १ बाट प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचित सभासद हुन् ।

ठूलो दलबलका साथ चन्द्रपुर आएका नेता नेपाल चन्द्रनिगाहपुरमा समेत कडा सुरक्षाका बीच कार्यक्रममा सहभागी भएका हुन । जारी संविधानका धेरै धाराहरु मधेश विरोधी रहेका तथा नेता नेपालको पहलमा नै मधेशी अधिकार विहीन बनाइएको भन्दै मधेशी जनता उहाँसँग आक्रोशित भएका हुन् ।..... आफ्नो निकटका सभासदहरु बंशिधर मिश्रा, लालबाबु यादव, रामकुमार भट्टराईका साथ आफनै गृह जिल्लामा नेता नेपाल डरको माहौलमा कार्यक्रममा सहभागी भएका छन् । यस अघि संविधानको प्रारम्भिक मस्यौदामा जनताको राय सुझाव संकलन गर्न आएको बेला नेता नेपाल गत श्रावन ४ गते गौरबाट लखेटिएका थिए । चन्द्रपुर पुर्व पश्चिम राजमार्गमा पर्ने पहाडी वाहुल्य क्षेत्र हो ।

तीन वटा शवसहित पक्राउ परेकाले भने - अहिलेसम्म ३५ वटा शव गाडें

शवको छातीमा गोली लागेको पाइएको

मोर्चाद्धारा आज मानव साङ्गलो बनाउँदै, १० लाख मधेशी सहभागी हुने
कसले भन्छन् मधेसी-थारूहरुसंग कुनै अन्याय- भेदभाव भएको छैन ।
वास्तवमा नै मधेसी-थारु हरुसंग राज्यले अन्याय-अत्याचार-भेदभाव गरेका छन ।
मधेसी-थारु हरुको संग कुनै अन्याय-अत्याचार भेदभाव भएका छैन भन्ने साथीहरुलेे मेरा यी दुई प्रश्न मात्र को उत्तर दिनुहोस् ।
१. निर्वाचन क्षेत्र पूर्ण रुपले जनसँख्याको आधारमा नहुनु को कारण के ? भूगोललाई पनि आधारमा राख्नु को कारण के ? भोट हाल्न खोला-नाला-पहाड़ आउने हैन भोट हाल्न त जनता नै आउने हो । निर्वाचन जनताकै लागी हुने हो ।५ हजार जनसंख्याहुने(पहाडमा) पनि एउटा क्षेत्र ,र ५० हजार जनसँख्या तराईका गाउँमा पनि एउटै क्षेत्र ।५ हजार जनताको देखरेख गर्ने पनि एक जना प्रतिनिधि र ५० हजारजनताको देखरेख गर्ने पनि एक जना नै प्रतिनिधि। अर्थात ५ जना सदस्य भएको परिवारलाई पंनि १ किलो चामल दियिन्छ भने अर्को तीर ५० जना सदस्य भएको परिवारले पनि १ किलो चामलले नै चलाउनु पर्ने ।के यो न्याय हो ? कस्तो न्याय हो ? किन यस्तो पक्षपात ? यसलाई अन्याय भनिदैन भने अन्याय को अर्थ के हो ?
२. १०-१२ ओटा पहाड़का जिल्ला संग २-३ ओटा तराई का जिल्ला जोडिएको छ , यसको उद्धेश्य के ? किन तराईवाशीलाई अल्पसंख्यक बनाउन खोजेको ? एकछिनलाई कल्पना गर्नुहोस् १०-१२ ओटा तराईका जिल्ला संग २-३ ओटा पहाड़का जिल्ला जोडेर हामी पहाड़वाशीलाई अल्पसंख्यक बनाउन खोजेको भये हामी के गर्थ्यऔ , पक्कै पनि हामी आंदोलन नै गर्नेथ्यो ।बहुसंख्यकको अगाडी अल्पसंख्यकको के कस्तो अस्तित्व हुन्छ सबैलाई स्पष्ट नै छ । अतः कसैलाई पनि अल्पसंख्यक बनाउने षड्यंत्र स्वीकार्य हुदैन । फेरी किन तराईवाशी मधेसी-थारूहरुलाई अल्पसंख्यक बनाउन खोजीएको ?
( * त्यस ५ जिल्लाका केहि शहर-गाउँहरुमा पहाड़ी समुदायको वर्चस्व बढ़ी छ भने त्यस गाउँ-सहरलाई अलग गर्न सकिन्छ , र यसो गर्दा मधेसी-थारूहरुलाई पनि केही आपत्ति हुन्न होला , तर पूर्णतया जिल्लाको जनसँख्या हेर्ने हो मधेसी-थारू हरुनै बहुसंख्यक छ तसर्थ यी जिल्लाहरुमा प्रथम अधिकार मधेसी-थारुहरुकै छन ।)
यो त मात्र दुईओटा विशेष प्रसंग मैले राखेकी छु , यस्ता धेरै कुरा हरु छन जंहा मधेसी-थारु हरुलाई भाषा ,व्याहार ,रंग ,कामपेशा ,इत्यादि हरुमा षड्यंत्रपूर्वक अन्याय-अत्याचार भेदभाव गरिएको छ । कसैलाई थाहा नभएको हैन , सबैलाई स्पष्ट थाहा छ कसरी तराईवासीहरु संग सौतेला व्यहार गरिन्छ । फरक यति छ कि - कसैले यस्तो अन्याय-अत्याचार बिरुद्ध आवाज उठाउछँ भने स्वार्थ-मोहको चस्मा लगाएका केही ब्यक्तिहरुके आफ्नो वर्ग/जात/समुदायको एकलौटि राजगर्ने स्वार्थको लागी यस्तो अन्याय -अत्याचारलाई मौन भएर समर्थन गर्छन् । एकचोटि सबैले माधेशी-थारू हरुको स्थानमा आफु सयंमलाई राखेर स्मरण गर्नुहोला ।
अन्याय-अत्याचार गर्नु , अन्याय-अत्याचार भएको अवस्था मौन भएर समर्थन गर्नु र अन्याय-अत्याचार सहनु सबै पाप हो ।
मधेशी-थारू पनि तपाई-हामी जस्तै नेपालआमाका संतान हून, यिनिहरुको समान हक़अधिकार सुनिश्चित गर्नु हामी सबैको कर्तव्य हो।
याद रहोस् अरुको हक़ मारेर आफ्नो दीर्घकालीन भलो कहिले पनि हुन सक्दैन ।यसको उदाहरण हाम्रै देश नेपाल हो ,यही केहि ब्यक्तिहरुको स्वार्थको कारण वर्षो देखी नेपाल न त शान्त हून सकेको छ न त प्रगती नै हुन सक्यो । मधेसी- थारु हरुसंग अन्याय-अत्याचार गरेर हाम्रो देश कहिले पनि अगाडी बढ़न सक्दैन ।एकताबद्ध भएर काम गर्नकलागी सबै नागरीकको समान समावेशी र समान हक़ अधिकार अतिआवश्यक छ । कसैलाई काख कसैलाई पख गरेर सबै एकताबद्ध हुने सपना देख्नु महामूर्खाता मात्र हो ,जती जबरजस्ती गरेपनि असमानताले कहिले पनि सबैलाई एकताबद्ध पार्न सक्दैन र एकताबद्ध भएन भने देश शांत र प्रगतिशील हुने कल्पना पनि गर्न सकिन्न। अतः मधेसी-थारू मात्र न भएर जनजाति, आदिवासी, महिला, गरीब सबै उत्पीड़ित पिछडीएकालाई समानता पूर्वक समेटिएर मात्र देश अगाढ़ि बढ़न सक्छ । तसर्थ अहिलेलाई राष्ट्रले सीघ्र नै मधेसी-थारुहरुको जायज मांगलाई सम्बोधन गर्नु पर्दछ ,यसमा नै हिमाल-पहाड़- तराई सम्पूर्ण नेपालको भलो छ ।
धन्यवाद !🙏🏻
जय नेपाल
(चित्त नबुझेका साथीहरुलेे अवश्य पनि विरोध गर्नु होला तर विरोध गर्ने अगाढ़ि मेरा प्रशनको उत्तर दिने क्षमता पनि देखाउनु होला )




In Nepal, where a battle for rights merges with geo-politics
A crowd of demonstrators had been protesting in the vicinity. The police was chasing them. Rohan was caught somewhere in the middle. When they used tear gas, he panicked and ran ahead. The police ran after him. Rohan, his father said, was now right in front of cops, and security personnel first shot him in the left foot, and then caught hold of him. “They then shot him in the chest.” ...... A policeman in plain clothes, on a bike, alerted Ganesh to flee to the side. Ganesh was on his cycle when the police jeeps found him. They shot him, in the head. ..... Thakur is the chairman of the Tarai-Madhes Loktantrik Party. But his real importance comes from the respect he commands from across the political spectrum.

A veteran Nepali Congress leader who was one of the closest aides of former PM Girija Prasad Koirala, Thakur switched to Tarai politics after the Madhes movement of 2007.

...... how police went inside homes, beat up people and called them ‘Biharis’ or ‘dhotis’. .....

“They come into homes, ask for our citizenship, and tell us to go.” Go where, I asked. “Go to India.”

..... In the Constituent Assembly, out of 240 constituencies, 116 were in the Tarai. In the new legislature, out of 165 constituencies, Tarai wants a guarantee that 83 seats would be from the plains - the current formula which includes geography could see it dip to 60. ...... Over 33% of the population, they constitute less than 7% in the Army; out of 75 Chief District Officers, only two are Madhesis and this is indicative of the domination of the hill upper castes in the upper echelons of the bureaucracy. .....

Tula Narayan Sah, a prominent Madhesi analyst and activist, says, “What matters in a state is its coercive apparatus and its financial apparatus - who controls the paisa, money, and the banduk, gun? We are neither represented in the security forces, nor in key decision-making structures in the bureaucracy which deal with state finances.”

....... My grandfather studied medicine in the North Bihar town of Darbangha and migrated to Nepal over 65 years ago. He soon became a Nepali citizen, joined the government’s medical services in Rajbiraj where I met Thakur last week, resigned to set up a business firm, and dabbled in right-wing politics indirectly. My father was born a Nepali, studied partly in Kathmandu and partly in India and made his life in Nepal as a professional consultant. ...... We are Madhesis. ...... But while my grandfather was a migrant and thus a person of Indian origin, many Madhesis have always lived in what is the Tarai. They became Nepalis because of arbitrary state demarcation after the Anglo-Nepal war of 1814-16....... 33 years ago, my parents got married. It was another instance of the cross border marriages that take place between people in the Nepali plains with those across the border. ....... My mother was born and brought up in then-unified Bihar. She made Kathmandu her home, taught in a school, trained herself in the field of promoting gender equality and social inclusion, and worked extensively in the development sector for over two decades. ..... And yes, she became a Nepali citizen........ Once the constitution was promulgated, she sent an email to a group of friends. “I am so, so disappointed by the new constitution and feel so pained.” ..... “I, even after spending a major part of my productive life in Nepal as a Nepali citizen, after working so hard for the rights of women and the excluded, after travelling to so many districts and remote areas of Nepal, I cannot hold any official position.” She ended with saying she felt disenfranchised. “It is a very painful feeling - as if I am a lesser citizen than others.....as if it is not my country after all.” ...... The new constitution, for the first time in Nepal, has created categories of citizenship where some are more equal than others. Those who are naturalised citizens are ineligible to hold a range of public positions - from the president to the prime minister to chief ministers to heads of judiciary and security organs....... The provision generated a perception across the plains and bordering districts of Bihar that

the ‘roti beti relationship’ was now under threat

. ...... A similar ‘nationalist’ fear was used to justify what is now universally-recognised as a deeply discriminatory provision. Nepali women married to foreign men cannot pass on citizenship by descent to their children; a similar clause does not exist in the case of Nepali men married to foreign women....... A young economist, Apoorva Lal, has written the clause will cause widespread statelessness and gives a hypothetical example of a woman from the Nepali Tarai district of Mahottari marrying a man from Bihar’s Madhubani district. Their child is barred from citizenship by descent because of the ‘abhorrent law’, and must apply for naturalised citizenship which places her at the ‘demonstrably racist whims of the bureaucracy’........ There is a high chance such a child would be denied citizenship, and left stateless, and thus deprived of opportunities to sit her for school exams, purchase land, open a bank account, vote, get a passport and avail other services......

Nepal’s best known English writer, Manjushree Thapa, wrote a deeply moving, almost heart-breaking, piece after the constitution was promulgated.

...... Manju is a close friend. Her commitment to Nepal, its suffering, its democratic movements, is deep. When her father was the foreign minister under a royal dispensation, she was on the streets and even received blows by state forces...... She has done more to put Nepal on the international literary map and bring alive its own local writing to a broader audience through translations than any other writer around. She retained her Nepali citizenship despite living in US and Canada for half her life........ But something in her died when she saw patriarchy institutionalised. “Mann ni maryo,” she wrote....... She burnt the constitution..........

The mood was cheerful yet aggressive at the Janak chowk in Janakpur. The town lies at the heart of imagined Madhes territory.

...... Every evening for over 45 days, a crowd gathered around the crossing to register its protest........ Out of 20 Tarai districts, Madhesis would have to settle for only eight districts which would constitute a plains-only province...... The Madhesi and Tharu Street reacted with fury.......

Sadbhavana Party chairman Rajendra Mahato is a rather aggressive and vocal leader. He has been a minister in several governments.

We met in the same Rajbiraj hotel, where all leaders had convened........ “The mood is this is an aar ki paar ki ladai, a decisive battle. This is the third time Madhesis are fighting for the same issues in less than ten years.

People tell us, take another 15 days but get us justice this time.” The bottom-line, he said, were two provinces in the plains

........ this movement would unite the nation once the demands were addressed. “This is a jana andolan, mass movement. It is peaceful and there is nothing artificial about it. This will help unite us on equal terms. There will have to be a political settlement.” He rejected the contention that since most Members of the Constituent Assembly had approved the constitution, protests had little legitimacy. “Representatives matter as long as voters are not on the streets. Once voters are out, their voices have to be heard.”........

Everyone has lost financially. But this is a necessary movement. We should not call it off till demands are met. It will lead to progress,” said Jhunjhunwala.

..... Every businessman and shopkeeper, usually the constituency most unhappy with political unrest, I met in Janakpur echoed Jhunjhunwala...... The movement was not restricted to any class or social group........ When I asked him about the reasons for the protests, Govind said, “We don’t accept this constitution. It does not give a Madhes pradesh.” But the constitution did give a Madhes pradesh, I insisted. He replied Biratnagar must be included in it....... Biratnagar is one of the Tarai’s biggest towns. It is also demographically mixed, with an almost equal proportion of Madhesis and people of hill-origin, Pahadis. The hometown of the Koirala family, Biratnagar is often seen as the political hub of the country, the centre of democratic politics....... Shekhar Koirala represents Biratnagar in the parliament. He is a medical doctor who made a late switch to politics, and was a key figure during the early years of the peace process with the Maoists. Koirala’s uncles, BP, GP and Matrika, have all been Prime Ministers. ...... Koirala told HT his constituency includes about 55% Madhesis and Tharus, and about 45% pahadis........ “Biratnagar residents have had to suffer because of the bandh. But Madhesis and Tharus are struggling for their identity. Kathmandu has not been able to understand the situation.” He said he had spoken to the district administrators and police officials to ensure there was no brutality against his constituents....... “No caste is dominant in any place in Nepal. So there is a high chance of an ethnic conflict. It is important that there is a settlement at the earliest.” ... “We must accept the identity of Madhesis and Tharus.”..... Mahato however rejected the idea of a commission and said only a final federal settlement would be accepted....... Mahant Thakur attributed the surge in the movement to these grievances, aggravated by state brutality. “As oppression increased, people began coming from the villages. We never called them. But they arrived in thousands. This has become a mass movement now.” ...... Thakur pointed out to the PM that the security forces can enter one village, but other villages will rise up and get mobilised. “Unke paas banduk hai, tu janata ke paas sankhya hai. They have the guns, but people have the numbers.” .....

This had resulted in a situation where anger levels had shot up in villages, police posts had been displaced, and the state had retreated. Civil administration was non-functional, judicial officers had fled, and if the state was present, it was only in its security avatar.

...... “The violations have been systematic. The state’s intention does not seem to be crowd control or dispersal of masses, but to kill. We have seen bullets above the waist, either in the head or chest. Two people have been shot in the back....

the state had tried to communalise the unrest, when policemen in plain-clothes had entered into scuffles with Madhesis.

“We have a video which shows one section taking orders from the local police officials. Security forces have also used communal terminology.”....... Upendra Yadav, chairperson of a major Madhesi party, goes as far as to call it ‘genocide’...... All of this had fueled a new Madhesi narrative. Real fears have got reinforced; exaggerations are common and misperceptions crowd any conversation. But the sentiment is now overwhelming....... Even as many in Kathmandu slammed the Indian position, people across the Tarai and the bordering districts of Bihar welcomed it....... The Birtamod-Sursand border is a symbol of what makes the India-Nepal relationship so special, so unique. There is no fence, people cycle and walk across, a barren strip is what divides the two countries, and few would find it easy to discern when they have left one country to enter another. .........

Rohit said they realised on a short visit to the capital that while the Tarai had been reeling from a bandh for over 40 days and people were suffering, there was no impact in Kathmandu, where people were going about their lives like nothing had happened.

..... Supplies had got disrupted here too, and there was a queue of trucks for as far as 20 kilometre into the Indian side...... The Indian position is that it is not them, but the internal protests within Nepal which have disrupted supplies. And the sooner a political solution is found within, the sooner the border situation would get resolved...... Tarai protestors have blocked the border, disrupting movement, and the Nepal government has done little to resolve the issue. The Indian side has tightened security and customs formalities, and is in non-cooperation mode - if it went out of its way to enable movement till last week, it has now turned indifferent or even cold. The transporters are worried and rumours swirl around in bordering towns about the possible attacks that may come their way if they crossed in......

After eight years of covering the twists and turns of the Madhesi movement in Nepal, what was striking during this visit was the depth of alienation and the increased radicalism on the Tarai street.

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