Democracy For Nepal

Thursday, November 15, 2007

Bidya Bhandari, Prabhakar, Sunday, 2:30 PM, Nepal Japan Restaurant

Bidya Bhandari: Power Woman

Dear Friends,

United Nepalese Democratic Forum (UNDF), is going to host an Interaction program with former Minister Bidya Bhandari,CPN(UML) MP Sushila Nepal , Former Chairperson Lamjung DDC Jamindra Man Ghale and may be CPN (Maoist) MP also Deputy Comander in Chief (Janamukti Sena) Pravakar.

Please come and join in this program and spread this flyer to your friends and family.

Bidya Bhandari: Power Woman

Date and Time: Nov 18, Sunday at 2 :30 P.M.

Venue
Nepal Japan Restaurant
Yeti of Hiezan
4316 Queens Blvd Sunnyside, NY 11104
718.784.9384

7 train, 46th St

Bidya Bhandari: Power Woman

We are highly appreciate for your presence.

Sincerely,
Tek B. Gurung
President, UNDF, New York

Note : Registration Fee is $5, Refreshment will be served.

Bidya Bhandari: Power Woman

In The News

NC continues parleys with smaller parties NepalNews The parleys have continued as the political crisis refuses to die down.
No CA if PR system is implemented, says Deuba Deuba said that NC would not agree for fully PR system.
Nepal asks Maoists to form a clear view on govt “The Maoists haven’t made a clear cut viewpoint about the [current] government or whether they want it to implement the proposals of declaring the country republic and adoption of proportional representation based electoral system passed by the special session of the interim parliament or consider forming a new government to ensure the implementation of the same” ...... warned against any attempt to break the seven-party unity. ..... discussed the possibilities of finding a political outlet to the current stalemate before the regular session of the interim parliament.
House should not declare republic, says Oli the CPN-UML remains sharply divided over the recent directive of the parliament ...... claiming that the UML had supported the two proposals so the Maoists would not quit the peace process.

Govt to provide Rs 1 million to Birendra Shah’s family; slain civil servant declared a martyr NepalNews
Prachanda hints at split in SPA In response to the questions raised by journalists regarding the murder of journalist Birendra Shah, Prachanda said cadres of the Young Communist League (YCL) have been mobilised to search the absconding party cadres involved in the murder. He said the party will punish the accused persons. On Tuesday, Nepali Congress had indicated that it stands by its stance against implementing the House decision while Maoist leader Dr Baburam Bhattarai had threatened the end of seven party alliance if the proposals are not implemented.
UNMIN term extension has to be agreed upon by seven parties, says FM Pradhan
Brisk businesses in Terai marketplaces with the start of Chhath festival with the start of the Chhath festival the terai region of Nepal has found some respite from the daily bandh and violence that has crippled normal life there up till now, reports said. The main market centers in many terai districts in eastern Nepal, which used to wear a deserted look before due to strike enforced by one or other terai groups, have again started to look crowded and busy with people thronging there shopping for the festival. ...... businessmen in main commercial hubs of eastern terai like Lahan, Golbazar, Mirchaiya, Siraha and Dhangadhi have reported increase in sales with the start of Chhath festival. ...... people are thronging in large numbers in the main market centers of towns like Birgunj, Biratnagar, and Janakpur to shop for essential commodities for the festival.
Pro-resettlement refugees getting 'threats of physical attack' threats of physical attack from the members of Bhutanese Republican Youth Association and Bhutanese Revolutionary Students Association. ...... the two organisations have publicised names of 12 persons for physical action for speaking in favour of resettlement of refugees in the United States. ...... The two organisations that have been saying that resettlement would not resolve the crisis have blacklisted 50 persons for supporting the US offer. They have also asked the blacklisted persons to leave the camps within 15 days or face ‘physical action’ .... The US government has said it is prepared to take in some 65,000 refugees while Australia, Denmark and Canada have also expressed readiness to resettle the refugees.
Congress leaders step up internal deliberations
Nepali students in US increase by 28 percent
मधेस द्वन्द्वमा राजनीतिक पहल Kantipur मधेसमा आधारित केही राजनीतिक संगठनले मंसिर पहिलो सातादेखि आन्दोलन थाल्ने घोषणा गरेका छन् । हिंसात्मक कारबाही गरिरहेका केही संगठनले अहिल्यै त्यस क्षेत्रलाई अशान्त तुल्याइसकेका छन् । सर्वसाधारणमा सुरक्षाको भावना ह्रास हुँदै गएको छ । शान्ति सुरक्षा कायम हुन नसक्दा कानुनी शासन दैनिकरूपमा कमजोर बन्दै गएको छ । राष्ट्रिय राजनीतिको प्रक्रियाले मधेसलाई आबद्ध तुल्याउन सकेको छैन । मुलुकको एउटा ठूलो र महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्रमा राजनीति, प्रशासन, अर्थतन्त्र र समाज विकासको अभ्यास अवरुद्ध हुन पुग्दा देशमा स्थायी शान्ति कायम गर्ने कुनै पनि प्रयत्न सफल हुन सक्ने छैन । मधेसमा जारी द्वन्द्वबारे राज्यको समुचित ध्यानाकर्षण हुन सकिरहेको छैन । प्रधानमन्त्री गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालाले तराईमा जारी हत्या हिंसा रोक्न एकातिर भारतसँग छलफल गर्ने र अर्कातिर विशेष सुरक्षा प्रबन्धका लागि क्ष्ाेत्रीय प्रशासकहरूलाई अनुसन्धान गर्ने जिम्मेवारी दिएको जनाएका छन् । तिहारअघि उनले भनेअनुसार सुरक्षा तथा प्रशासनिक निकायका अनुसन्धानअनुसारको निष्कर्षबारे सात दलको बैठकमा छलफल हुनेछ । खुला सीमाको लाभ लिई आपराधिक क्रियाकलापमा निर्भर समूहहरूलाई नियन्त्रण गर्ने तथा छद्म रूपमा त्यस्ता समूहले राजनीति प्रभावित गर्ने क्रियाकलापबारे प्रधानमन्त्रीको ध्यानाकर्षण भएको देखिन्छ । त्यसका लागि सीमावर्ती राज्यहरूसँग सम्बन्ध विस्तारका लागि उनले भारतीय सरकारसँग छलफल गर्ने आश्वासन दिएका छन् । संविधानसभा निर्वाचन अभावमा समस्त जनसमुदायलाई राजनीतिक प्रक्रियामा आबद्ध तुल्याउन नसकिएको हो । त्यसकारण हाल देशमा हुने कुनै पनि द्वन्द्वको सोझै निर्वाचनसँग सम्बन्ध छ । निर्वाचन निर्धारित गर्न नसक्दासम्म समस्याहरू जटिल हुँदै अराजनीतिक अवस्थाको दबदबा बढ्ने निश्चित छ । तराईका नाममा दिनहुँजसो खुल्ने सशस्त्र संगठनहरूले बढाउँदै गएको आपराधिक कृयाकलापले तराईका जायज मागसमेत ओझेलमा पर्न थालेका छन् । तराईका राजनीतिकर्मी र बुद्धिजीवीहरू यस मामिलामा बढी गम्भीर हुन आवश्यक छ । उनीहरूले स्वीकार गर्नुपर्ने के हो भने संविधानसभा सुनिश्चित हुन नसक्दासम्म कसैले पनि आफ्नो हक अधिकार वैधानिक रूपमा हासिल गर्ने प्रत्याभूति हुने छैन । तराईका माग लिएर सशस्त्र संघर्षमा उत्रेका समूहहरूमध्ये राजनीतिक र आपराधिक चरित्र पहिचान गर्नु अर्को महत्वपूर्ण पक्ष हो । त्यसका लागि सरकारले मधेसमा आधारित राजनीतिक संगठनहरूलाई प्रक्रियामा सामेल गर्नु जरुरी छ । अर्कातिर वार्ताबाट सम्भव नहुने समूहहरूका लागि आवश्यक कारवाहीबारे आम सहमति जुटाउनु अर्को आवश्यकता हो । अधिकार र अपराधलाई फरकरूपमा व्याख्या गरी त्यसैअनुसार राज्य नीति तय गर्न राजनीतिक दलहरू सतर्क, सचेष्ट र तत्पर हुनुपर्छ । अन्यथा कुनै पनि दलले आफ्नो राजनीतिक आधारक्षेत्र, नीति र सिद्धान्त गुमाउँदै जाने र जनतामा भरोसा लुप्त हुँदै जाने अवस्था बन्नेछ । तराईमा सक्रिय सशस्त्र संगठनहरूले खुलेआम भारतीय भूमि प्रयोग गर्ने गरेकाले तराईमा जारी हिंसा सामाधानका लागि भारत सरकारको सहयोग अपरिहार्य देखिन्छ । आपराधिक समूहहरूले जति ठाउँ बनाउँछन् वा बढाउँछन् त्यसलाई राजनीतिक संगठनहरूले उपयोग गर्ने अवस्था रहँदैन । त्यसकारण तराईलाई हिंसा र अपराधको थलो बन्न दिनेबाट रोक्ने पहिलो दायित्व त्यहीँ आधारित राजनीतिक संगठनहरू तथा समग्र मुलुकको हितनिम्ति समर्पित राजनीतिक दलहरूको हो । सरकार र दलहरूले मधेसलाई राजनीतिक प्रक्रियामा आबद्ध गर्ने पहिलो बुद्धिमानी विकल्प यसअघि गरिएका सहमति कार्यान्वयनमा तीव्रता हो । मधेसलाई प्रक्रियामा आश्वस्त गर्दा राजनीतिक संगठनहरू सक्रियरूपमा सहभागी हुने अवस्था बन्नेछ । संविधानसभाद्वारा नया संविधान नबनेसम्म मधेसीले उठाएका कुनै पनि माग सम्बंोधन हुन नसक्ने हुनाले मधेसवादी संगठनहरूले सर्वप्रथम संविधानसभा निर्वाचनलाई प्रमुख जोड दिनसक्नुपर्छ । तराईका नाममा सक्रिय समूहहरूले गर्दै आएका आपराधिक क्रियाकलापको तटस्थरूपमा प्रतिकार गर्न नसक्दा तराई आफैं राष्ट्रिय प्रवाहमा उच्च मनोबलसाथ सामेल हुन सक्ने छैन ।

Prachanda dares NC to declare republic NepalNews
MK Nepal hits at govt for 'failing to maintain law and order'
PM instructs NC leaders to intensify political discussions The winter session of the House is to begin on November 18.
Maoist leader warns of agitation if House directive is not implemented “We will be compelled to wage struggle with our agendas including the agenda of changing the government’s leadership if the decision passed by the majority is ignored,” Maoist leader Mohan Baidya ‘Kiran’ said ...... Saying that the Maoists violated the agreements reached earlier and went on to set preconditions, Dr Mahat said that implementation of the House directive is not possible without seven-party consensus. He stressed that the Maoists refrain from threatening to launch street movement while they talk of constitution amendment.
Abducted NC cadre found dead
Govt employees in Saptari return to work

Monday, November 12, 2007

िफरसे मधेशी क्रान्ित?

हल्ला है िक छठके बाद िफरसे मधेशी क्रान्ित की जाएगी। िफरसे मधेशी क्रान्ित होगी िक नहीं, अौर अगर होगी तो िकस तरह होगी वो िनर्णय तो नेपालमें रह रहे नेताअोको करनी है। अगर िफर से करने की िनर्णय की जाती है तो मेरा नैितक समर्थन तो रहेगा ही। लेिकन िपछले क्रान्ितसे कुछ सबक िसखना बहुत जरुरी है।

िपछले क्रान्ितके नेतृत्वमें मधेशी जनािधकार फोरम रहा। क्रान्ित से पहले फोरमके पास तराईके प्रत्येक िजलेमें दो चार नेता अौर २०-२५ िजल्ला सिमती के सदस्य थे। लेिकन क्रान्ितके बाद फोरमके सदस्य १००,००० से उपर हो गए।

सुजाता ने उपेन्द्रजीको ठग िलया। कहा सडकसे लोगोको हटाइए हम तो अापके हमदर्दी हैं। राजनीितक स्पष्टताकी कमी सी िदखी।

क्रान्ित करने से पहले एक स्पष्ट राजनीितक एजेण्डाका होना बहुत जरूरी है। अप्िरल क्रान्ितका माग था संसद पुनर्स्थापना। वार्तामें जानेकी बात ही छोिडए। अभी क्या एजेण्डा हो सकता है? क्रान्ित कौन पार्टीयां करेंगे?

सबसे अच्छा तो होता की दोनो सद्भावना, दोनो फोरम, तीनो जनतान्त्िरक अौेर अन्य सभी बन्दुकधारी मधेशी पार्टीया एक मधेशी मोर्चा बनाते पहले। अौेर एक common minimum program बनाते। सात पार्टीयो ने माअोवादीके साथ िजस तरह गठबन्धन िकया उसी तरह सद्भावना अौेर फोरमका मधेशी बन्दुकधारी पार्टीयोसे िमल्ना जायज ही नहीं जरुरी भी है।

िजस तरह राजाका माअोवादीयोसे शान्ित वार्ता होना असंभव था उसी तरह पहाडी सत्ताधारीयोका बन्दुकधारी मधेशी पार्टीयोसे शान्ित वार्ताकी कोइ गुञ्जायस मैं नहीं देख रहा हुँ। तराईसे पहाडी अल्पमतवालोको भागना परे वो मञ्जुर, तराईमें मधेशी पहाडी दङगा हो वो मञ्जुर, तराई र्वाण्डा बन जाए वो मञ्जुर, लेिकन बन्दुकधारी मधेशी पार्टीयोसे अादरपुर्वक शान्ित वार्ता करें वो मञ्जुर नहीं। अजीब मनस्िथित है िगिरजा, िसटौला अौर प्रचण्डका।

हो सकता है िसर्फ एक सद्भावना अौेर एक फोरम अागे अावें। हो सकता है सभी बन्दुकधारी मधेशी पार्टी न अावें। गठबन्धनका अन्ितम रूप तो गठबन्धन बनानेवाले जानें। लेिकन ज्यादा से ज्यादा पार्टीयोका सहभागी होना अच्छा रहता। मधेशी नेता ही एकता नहीं देखावेंगे तो मधेशी जनता एक हो ये कैसी ख्वाइस रहेगी?

एजेण्डा क्या हो सकती है? पहली एजेण्डा तो होगी सीजफायर। क्रान्ित अिहंसात्मक होगी। सभी बन्दुकधारी मधेशी पार्टी सीजफायर करेंगे। अौर माग स्पष्ट होना जरूरी है। माग क्या है? वो क्रान्ित संिवधान सभाके पक्षमें रहेगी िक िवपक्षमें? संिवधान सभाके िवपक्षमें जाना कोई मायने नहीं रखता है। तो मधेशी क्रान्ितका मकसद होगा संिवधान सभाके िनर्वाचनके िलए न्यायपुर्ण जग तयार करना।

तो क्या माङे हो सकती है?

गृह मन्त्रीका राजीनामा।
मधेशी क्रान्ितके शहीदोको शहीद घोषणा अौर घायलोको क्षितपुर्ित।
सभी बन्दुकधारी मधेशी पार्टीयो से सरकार अादरपुर्वक शान्ित वार्ता करे। अादरपुर्वकका मतलब उनके सभी कैद कार्यकरताअोको िरहा करे, उनके सैिनकोको क्यान्टोन्मेन्टमें रखे।
पुर्ण समानुपाितक िनर्वाचन। ३०० सीटोके िलए। प्रत्येक पार्टीके िलस्टमे प्रत्येक तीसरा नाम मिहला हो उसके अलावे कोइ िनयम न हो।
फरवरी तक नयी पार्टीया रिजस्टर करनेका व्यवस्था हो।
अप्िरलमे चुनाव।

माङे ऐेसा हो िक उसके पुरा न होने तक कोइ सडक पर से न उतरे।

पहाडी शासको ने िपछली मधेशी क्रान्ितका अपमान िकया इिसिलए उसके बाद भी तराईमे बराबर बन्द होती अाइ है। तराई तबाह तबाह हो के रह गइ है। उस िनरन्तरके बन्दोका िसलिसलेको समाप्त करनेके िलए भी शायद एक अन्ितम िनर्णायक क्रान्ितका हो जाना बहुत जरुरी है।

पुर्ण समानुपाितक िनर्वाचनके नाराके तहत जनजाित अौर दिलतको भी एक िकया जाए। िसर्फ तराईको ही नहीं पुरे देशको ही बन्द िकया जाए।

इन पाँच माङोके सिहत क्रान्ितका एेलान िकया जाए। अौर १० िदनका म्याद िदया जाए। अगर १० िदन से एगारहवी िदन जानी पडी तो मागोको बढाया जाए। तब ये पाँच माङ पर्याप्त नही होंगे।

तब िगिरजाका राजीनामा माङा जाएगा। नयी अन्तिरम संसद अौेर सरकार बनेगी। उस नयी माङके साथ १० िदन िदया जाए। अग़र क्रान्ित २१वी िदन तक पहुँचती है तो िफर िगिरजाके राजीनामसे िसर्फ काम नहीं चलनेका है।

तब मधेश राज्यका स्थापना पहले अौर संिवधान सभाका चुनाव बादमें होगा। २० िदनके बाद तराईके प्रत्येक िजल्लेके प्रत्येक सरकारी कार्यालयके साइनबोर्डसे नेपाल सरकारसे नेपालको िमटाके मधेश िलख देनी है।

In The News

Festivities end, serious political consultations to pick up NepalNews Nepali Congress (NC) – which had voted against those proposals – has clearly said that it will not support any move to implement those proposals. ..... The winter session of the parliament is kicking off from November 19. ..... "If it does not, then people will apply pressure from the streets" ...... resolution through negotiations
Maoist MPs get US visa Maoist MPs Janardan Sharma aka Prabhakar – who is also a deputy commander of Maoists' People's Liberation Army (PLA) – and Nanda Kumar Prasai – who had recently joined Maoist party – have been given visa to travel to the US to attend the United Nations General Assembly।

Sunday, November 11, 2007

Proposed Constitution

Preamble

Nepal is a democratic republic, a total, transparent democracy, with the sovereignty resting with the Nepali people.

Article 1: The Legislative Branch

There is to be a lower house with 300 members, and an upper house with 100 members. Elections for both are to take place at once. The Terai districts are to have a share of the 300 seats in direct proportion to their share of the national population.
Members of the lower house are to be elected through 75 multi member constituencies and the largest remainder formula. Every third name on a party's list must be female.
Members of the upper house are to be elected through a fully PR election. Every other name on a party's list must be female. Each party's representation will be in direct proportion to the votes earned. Any party that earns at least 1% of the votes will be recognized as a national party, eligible for state funding.
The entire parliament is dissolved en masse when their term of four years nears expiration. All elections must be held on the non work day, Saturday.
The basic human right to peaceful assembly means political parties may not bear arms, other than that there are no rules, no prohibitions, as in ethnic parties can be organized, Dalit parties can be organized.
Private and public sector media entities wanting to cover live the proceedings in the national parliament may do so.
All matters of national importance are to be decided by the national parliament through a majority vote unless otherwise stated. Parliamentary procedures are to be laid out or revised with a 60% vote margin.
The houses are to elect their Speakers and Deputy Speakers. The houses shall assemble at least once every four months, and as often as necessary. The Speaker does not get to vote in the parliament.
No parliamentarian may be arrested while the parliament might be in session except for felony charges. Their speech in parliament is protected from any and all oversight, legal and otherwise.
A simple majority of the parliament will pass the budget. The annual budget is tabled by the President.
All bills must be posted online in three languages - Nepali, Hindi and English - for at least one week before they may be voted upon.
All regional and international treaties that Nepal might enter into will have to pass a 60% majority in the parliament.
Political parties may not engage in fund-raising activities. Instead each national party will get an annual sum that will be directly proportional to the number of votes it earned for the national parliament. That money is to be used for party-building and electioneering activities. Details of expenses are to be posted online in the three languages to the last paisa on at least an annual basis.
Tickets for all elections are distributed by parties through democratic methods involving members at or below the said level in their respective organizations.
The Election Commission puts in place ceilings as to election expenditures. Independent candidates may not raise money, but may spend their own money that may not exceed the amount of the party candidate spending the most money. Once elected independent candidates may not join a national party for at least one year.
A party may not charge its members more than Rs 60 a year. This is to be the only non-state source of income for parties, national and otherwise.
Every person on the state's payroll - elected officials, bureaucrats, judges, police, army personnel, teachers, health care workers - is to submit a Family Property Statement, to be posted online and archived and updated annually. Upon exiting the public sector, they may discontinue the practice, but the archives will remain, and the updates will resume should the individuals re-enter public service.
The national parliament is to engineer early retirements among state employees and downsizing of the Armed Police Force and the army and a 50% reservation for the DaMaJaMa among new hires and recruits with the goal of ending up with a state apparatus that mirrors the ethnic and gender composition of the larger national population as closely as possible.
Details of all expenses incurred by the state, to the last paisa, are to be posted online in the three languages. All contracts offered by the state to the private sector are to be bid for in a similar transparent manner from beginning to the end. All job applications and promotions in the public sector are to be similarly handled in a transparent manner. All government salaries and non salary incomes are to be kept public online.
All formal political deliberations at all levels of government in the long run and at the national level in the short run are to be posted online in as real time as possible in the language that was used at the venue. Efforts are to be made to make the same available in Nepali, Hindi and English. All votes are to be similarly made public.
Every elected official at all levels of government is to get a decent monthly salary.
Anyone above the age of 16 is a legible voter. Members of the lower house will have to be at least 22 years of age, and that of the upper house at least 25 years of age. All elected officials are to have been citizens.
Acts of impeachment require a vote of 65%. This constitution can be amended by the same vote margin.
The parliamentarians may not increase their salaries in a way that might affect the members of the existing class. The same applies to the salaries of members of the cabinet.
The parliament may create, merge and dissolve ministries, agencies and commissions as necessary.

Article 2: The Executive Branch

The President is directly elected by the people. If a candidate not earn 50% of the votes, a second round is to be held within a month of the first when the two top candidates contest. The President serves a four year term and is elected two years separate from the parliament.
A candidate has to be a citizen and at least 30 years of age.
The President may select members to the Cabinet that might or might not be members of the parliament. But if a MP get into the cabinet, that parliamentary seat goes vacant.
The President makes nominations to the Supreme Court and other constitutional bodies like the Election Commission (EC) and the Commission to Control Corruption (CCC) - both of which are autonomous - to be confirmed by a 60% vote in the parliament. The commissioners serve six year terms.
The army, to be called the Nepal Army, is not to be larger than 0.1% of the national population and is to be downsized accordingly within 5 years of this constitution getting promulgated. The President is the Commander-In-Chief of the army. The army can be abolished with a 65% vote in the parliament.
The central bank is to be autonomous, and the Chairperson, to serve a six year term, is to be appointed by the President, subject to a 60% vote in the parliament.
All appointments made by the President, except for his or her personal staff, will need a majority vote in the upper house for confirmation, unless otherwise stated.
The President signs bills passed by the parliament. The President may also be the originator of bills to the parliament.
The President may send back a bill passed by the parliament. But if the parliament send it back to him or her with a 65% vote, it has to be signed.
If the President not respond to a bill within 10 days of it having been sent, it is to be assumed signed.

Article 3: The Judiciary Branch

The judiciary will reflect the composition of the government, from village/town to district, to the national level. Towns and cities with more than 25,000 people will be served with more than one court. The number of district courts is to depend on population and legal traffic. There will be a layer between the district and the national levels, the Appeals Court. The system is to be peopled like the civil service, on merit.
The President makes nominations to the national Supreme Court subject to the parliament for 60% of the vote. Justices to the Supreme Court are to serve to the age of 65 or upto their voluntary retirement.
The Supreme Court interprets the constitutionality of laws passed by the parliament when thus challenged, but such interpretations may be overturned by the parliament through a 65% vote.
The parliament may not diminish the salary of a sitting judge.

Article 4: Districts

The districts will have their own governments, named Zillapalika. The village units are to be called Grampalika, the town units are to be called Nagarpalika, and the city units Mahanagarpalika, and will form the third layer of government. District, town/city and village elected officials are to be at least 20 years of age.
The voters in the districts will directly elect the District Chairperson. Mayors for towns and villages are also to be directly elected. Each directly elected official must have secured at least 50% of the votes cast.
The judicial and law enforcement services are to be operated as meritocratic, inclusive civil services by the national government.
The directly elected district chairperson sits atop the police structure in his or her district and appoints the district chief of police for the duration of the chairperson's term. The chairperson also appoints the Chief District Officer who looks after the state bureaucracy.
The income tax structure is to be as follows: 50% national, 30% district, and 20% village/town/city. The income tax is to be collected by the national government, and funds transferred by the same to the other levels of government as per this formula, and is to be gradually phased in where none might be getting collected now.
The federal revenue from all sources other than income tax is also to be similarly allocated. 60% stays at the national level, 35% goes to the 75 districts in proportion to their population. 5% goes to the 25 districts with the lowest per capita income in proportion to their population.
The education system shall follow a tri-lingual policy up to Grade 10, beyond which it is for each individual institution to decide on its own as to the language of instruction. The first language is to be the student's first language, the second language is to be Nepali. For those for whom Nepali might be their first language, the student may choose any language spoken in Nepal. The third language is to be English, the contemporary global language of science and commerce. This policy applies to schools in both the private and the public sectors. The language of instruction for all other subjects to Grade 10 will be a decision to be made by the individual school board for the public schools and by the owners of the private schools: it is to be one of the three - Nepali, Hindi, and English - or a combination. Other languages spoken in Nepal may also be added to the list after an autonomous, national Education Commission decides that enough educational material is available in the said language.
It is for the national parliament to decide on the use of second and third local languages as the languages of government at the local levels. District legislatures may send requests to the national parliament through the district chairperson. Nepali shall be the language of government throughout the country at all levels of government.

Article 5: The Individual

The individual is the most important component of the state and is to be protected and celebrated. The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights is the bedrock of this constitution.
Every person has a birth right to freedom of speech, freedom of peaceful assembly, freedom of religion, a right to a speedy, public trial, and a right to privacy, a protection from unreasonable searches and seizures. No person may be tried and punished for the same crime twice. No person will be compelled to testify against themselves. No person will be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. Private property may not be taken for public use without due compensation. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended. No ex post facto law shall be passed. No warrants are to be issued, except upon probable cause, and should specifically describe the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. A person charged with a crime is to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his or her favor, and is to have the Assistance of Counsel for his or her defense.
Every person born in Nepal to a citizen of Nepal, father or mother, is a citizen of Nepal. But this does not prevent people not born in Nepal from seeking Nepali citizenship.
Every person is equal under the law. Any law that might conflict with that fundamental premise will become null and void as soon as this constitution takes effect.
No person shall be taxed more than 40% of their income by all levels of government put together. Those in the bottom 40% income brackets are not to pay any direct taxes.
No business may be taxed more than 30% of its profits, and businesses in the bottom 30% income brackets will not pay any direct taxes. All business expenses are tax write-offs.
The sales tax may not exceed 10%.
Elections at all levels are to be organized on Saturdays, the non work day.
No citizen of age may be barred from voting for whatever reason except when they might be serving time.
It is a stated goal of the state to make possible lifelong education for every person in the country through creative partnerships between the private and public sectors, and through creative uses of the internet, FM and other technology. The state shall also attempt to provide universal access to secondary education and primary health care, free of cost. The secondary education provision applies to people in all age groups.
The state shall attempt to provide universal access to micro-credit to all in the bottom 40% income brackets, not all of it by the public sector.
All persons that might enter into agreements, either in the private or the public sector, to access credit will have the option to declare bankruptcy as a last resort, but such declarations may stay on that person's credit record. Money owed by an individual, as opposed to by a business or a corporation, may not be passed on to the next generation. Indentured servitude is an illegal form of collecting money owed by an individual or family. Money owed may not be paid for through manual labor. Any person, group or organization, lending money on interest, the total of which is larger than Rs 20,000, to be indexed to inflation as calculated every five years and rounded to the nearest thousand, is to register as a small business owner, and will be subject to taxation and regulation.
All educational institutions, public and private, must have at least 10% of its students on need-based full scholarships. Institutions may also opt to have 5% on such full scholarships, and 10% on need-based half scholarships, or 5% on full, 6% on half, and 6% on one-third scholarships. But at no time should the proportion of full scholarships dip below 5%.
Employees of the state in the education and health sectors will be paid salaries that are at least 10% larger than to those with similar qualifications serving in other fields.
An accurate, scientific census is to be conducted every 10 years, and scientific projections are to be made for the intervening years.

Article 6: Capital

Within 10 years of this constitution getting promulgated, the national capital is to be shifted to Chitwan.

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