Nepali Maoists And The US Perspective

Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.

John F. Kennedy, In a speech at the White House, 1962

The official US perspective on the Nepali Maoists has been that these are people who intend to turn Nepal into a Cambodia. I think that perspective is as out of the whack as the Nepali right wing false-nationalist perspective that India wants to turn Nepal into a Sikkim. But then a friend of mine said the same thing at the online forum Sajha, that it is naïve to assume the Maoists want anything less than a communist dictatorship, and that the only way to deal with them was to defeat them militarily. I said in response, it is entirely possible you are right and I am wrong, but I hope you are wrong, because your perspective leads to a whole bunch of bloodshed in the country.

It is not like 280 million Americans or a billion Indians feel one way or the other about Nepal. I would bet most Americans have never heard of Nepal. It is usually a small desk at the State Department or the Foreign Ministry that speaks on behalf of their respective countries. And I can imagine the career professionals in the US foreign policy establishment whose job it is to think of Nepal might have read heavily into Russian communism of the 1930s, the Chinese communism of the 1960s, and into Peru and Cambodia, to do the best job they can. But, I fear, that approach is too bookish. One can not claim to understand American politics solely by reading into British politics, even though both countries are English speaking, and very close to each other, and the American Democrats are like the British Labor, the Republicans are like the Conservatives.

To me it is not about ideology, it is about peace at the earliest. It is hard to discern ideology in the Nepali context since all the ideologies have been of the imported kind. Are the Maoists communists? Are the UML? Are the Congress people socialists as they claim, and if they are, why have they been like the Republicans in the US in terms of their appeal to the upper income brackets in the Nepali towns and villages? When you mix the imported ideologies to Nepal’s specific socio-economic conditions, you get interesting cocktails. And it is misleading to read only into ideology. Ethnic grievances have been as much a reason for the insurgency as the poverty in the country as the Maoist ideology.

The desk officers of countries like the US and India that think it okay to meddle in small countries like Nepal almost always tend to stay close to the perspective of the existing power structure. That way they get to feel good about themselves, as if to suggest they might be propping up the monarchy in Nepal, when the truth is Nepal’s monarchy stands for historical reasons, and is in many ways a rather archaic, autocratic institution. So it happens that King George was not good enough for America but King Gyanendra is good enough for Nepal. When your ability to impact the ground situation is minimal, stay close to “reality” and claim it as your creation!

There are three power blocks in Nepal right now: the Monarchists, the Maoists, and the democrats. The Monarchists are the strongest, the democrats happen to be in the weakest position. Each camp has hardliners. The Monarchist hardliners would prefer a low intensity, indefinite warfare with the Maoists, for that keeps them relevant. Those are the people who foiled the last serious peace talks the Maoists were part of. I am sure there are Maoist hardliners who do have Cambodia in mind. And each political party has its own set of hardliners who constantly get in the way of a common minimum program. A black and white demarcation is simplistic and will not bring forth peace. Peace will be made in the gray zone.

Political engagement is the best way to peace at the earliest. So when the Maoists demand international monitoring of human rights, I say take it! When they ask for UN mediation, I say go for it! When they demand an all-party government and a Constituent Assembly as a precondition to laying down arms, I say why hold back! But then, it is around that time you realize it is not the Maoists, but the Monarchists that stand in the way of peace and progress. Because the Monarchists will not allow international monitoring, or the UN, or a Constituent Assembly, because each of those options leads to putting the Monarchists back into the cage.

The weakest power block, the democrats, are the ones who hold the key. It is the democrats that will tip the balance of power. As soon as the democrats come around to a common minimum program of an all-party interim government and a Constituent Assembly, the civil war comes to an end, because at that point it becomes very hard for the Monarchists to keep on keeping on. And if they keep on keeping on, the democrats ought to revise the CMP and go for a Democratic Republic. So it is for the democrats to get down to doing their homework as supposedly the most responsible of the three blocks.

In The News

• Maoists are not interested in talks: US envoy Money Plans, India "Since September, the Maoists have had reasonable offers to come to the table to talk and their response has been nonsensical. Initially, it was 'We'll only talk to the king'. Then, 'Maybe we'll talk if the government responds to (our) legitimate questions (whether it controlled the army and was not under the king)," the US ambassador told IANS...... Despite increasing propaganda by the government-owned media that the rebels are weakening due to fighting between their top leaders, Moriarty feels the insurgents represent a threat that could turn Nepal into a "poor man's Cambodia"...... "I don't think any of us has enough insights into what exactly the Maoists are doing and thinking to say with any degree of certainty that ... the tide has turned against them" ...... "The threat they represent is terrific. They have talked about collectivisation of agriculture repeatedly, about re-education of enemies, about expanding the 'revolution' - all this is basically a formula for an absolutely terrific totalitarian state in Nepal that also threatens the stability of the entire region." ...... "(Differences are) not uncommon among totalitarian parties. When factionalism arises, the top dog crushes the other faction or gets replaced as the top dog. Perhaps you end up with a more brutal and more unified party." ..... Given a choice between the communist rebels and a king who has repeatedly overstepped his constitutional authority, Washington would unhesitatingly support the latter ...... as of Jan 31, Nepal didn't really have a functioning multi-party democracy, it had a multi-party government ...... there has to be reconciliation between the king and the political parties .... It's not a question of one side or the other taking the lead but two sides agreeing on a common programme..... "We'll be manufacturing these items in the next couple of months. Once we finish manufacturing them, we've to decide what to do with them. If there is progress, we'll go ahead and ship them. If there hasn't been, there will be a lot of pressure not to ship them." ...... Instead of a tough draft that doesn't change the situation on the ground, we would like to see enough progress on the ground so that the international community can focus on how to help Nepal...... "We all assumed there would be an increasing culture of impunity (after Feb 1) but that hasn't happened so far... The army is clearly getting more aggressive in investigating allegations of abuse. I have raised specific cases of abuse and the army has gone out and investigated them in a serious fashion...... "If people know they will be tried and if convicted, will spend years in jail, they become much more reluctant to commit abuses... I am not aware of a single Maoist who has been convicted of abuses by a Maoist court...... the National Human Rights Commission says they are getting much better access to detainees. I feel uncomfortable saying this - people will say I am an apologist - but I am looking at facts on the ground
• China Festival to be held in Nepal People's Daily Online, China A seven-day China Festival will be held in Kathmandu to mark the Golden Jubilee of the establishment of Nepal-China diplomatic relations ..... performance of arts, film festival, food festival, exhibition of handicrafts, books, kites, photos and relics as well as trade fair with household goods, electronic goods, automobiles and information technology ..... more than 100,000 people are expected to watch the programs ..... China Trade Fair, seminars, exchange of delegations and free health camps
• NEPAL: Interview with Susan Ulbaek, Danish Ministry of Foreign ... Reuters AlertNet, UK Susan Ulbaek, head of the Asia Department at the Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs ..... Denmark spent US $40 million on development projects in the health, education, energy and human rights sectors in 2004..... We want to see a democratisation process restored through peace..... The Danish government has decided not to enter into any project or programme agreements with the Nepalese authorities.... Democracy cannot be safeguarded by excluding legitimate democratic forces from the decision-making process..... All we can do is support good moves. And it is not us who will solve the situation, which is why we are asking the political parties to unite and go forward in getting into a peace process and democratisation....... there is not much happening in bringing in a political process. The conflict is dragging on..... urging them to unite and present a united framework as that is essential for the restoration of democracy. There is a strong need for Nepal's democratic political parties to unite around a joint plan for reviving and revitalising the democratic processes
• Police 'arrest hundreds' in Nepal BBC News, UK more than 500 people across the country demonstrating against King Gyanendra .....the biggest protests since the king declared a state of emergency ..... about 100 people were arrested in the capital ..... Police baton-charged demonstrators .....
  
• Army kills 18 Maoists in Nepal Sify .... in a night-long battle to thwart an assault on a security forces base ... attack on the base by hundreds of rebels .... nine soldiers were injured ..... battle began in the evening on Thursday and lasted for more than 12 hours
• UN urged on Nepal abuses Swissinfo, Switzerland Nicolas Howen, secretary general of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), said on Friday violence against democracy advocates was intensifying and called on the U.N. to condemn Nepal for violating humanrights and install rights monitors in the country..... crackdown on demonstrators could deepen the cycle of violence ...... a Swiss initiative to condemn Nepal for its abuses. The European Union, the UK and Denmark already support the Swiss plan ....the king seems determined to use the poorly equipped armyto crush the rebels even though defence experts say it faces a protracted guerrilla war
• Nepal Human Rights Crisis Continues Reuters AlertNet Madav Kumar Nepal, like many others, has now been detained for over 50 days with no charge..... On 20 February, in the east of Nepal, two political activists and a local trade union leader were detained, beaten, kicked and threatened that they would be killed by the military after leading a peaceful pro-democracy demonstration....... on March 31, 2005, when military authorities refused the NHRC access to detainees held in military barracks in Kathmandu .....
  
• Rights groups call for continued monitoring of Nepal situation Deepika Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists said the international community should ''stand firm in its response to the human rights crisis in Nepal ...... ''The release of some political prisoners on April 1 must not be mistaken by the international community as an improvement in the human rights situation in Nepal .... Hundreds remain detained and arrests continue...A careful examination of the conduct by the government of Nepal by independent and credible sources in Nepal reveals that the government's record is getting worse, not better.'' ..... the democratic parties, human rights organizations and the media are still intimidated and controlled
• Nepal Human Rights Crisis Continues Human Rights Watch The organisations called on the members of the Commission on Human Rights to approve a resolution urging the establishment of a U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights office with a strong monitoring mandate and the appointment of a Special Rapporteur on human rights to report publicly on the human rights situation in Nepal.
  
• Nepal Police Break Anti-Monarch Protest Guardian, UK The demonstrations were just 100 yards from the military parade grounds where King Gyanendra was watching an equestrian show performed by the army....... police officers on the street said they had orders to use force to break up all protests
• 18 guerrillas killed in mid-western Nepal Xinhua, China Ground and air surveillance is already underway in the region, and the number of casualty on the part of the insurgents could be much higher ..... the first major offensive attempt made by the insurgents since a state of emergency was imposed in Nepal on Feb.1.
• Nepal Will Act Against Anti-Government Protests, Minister Says Bloomberg ``The government is not talking of a clampdown on political activities.... It is prepared to seriously deal with violent agitations.''
  
• Nepali gov't to act tough on violent agitation People's Daily Online "The government is not talking of clamp down on political activities.... In fact, the government does not at all see the possibility any stir." leaders of some major political parties said that they would launch peaceful agitation "in order to bring the king into dialogue."
• Nepal army 'repels rebel attack' BBC News, UK several hundred rebels took part in the attack which is believed to be one of the fiercest in recent weeks
• Anti-King protests rock Nepal, over 250 arrested Press Trust of India, India Over 250 protestors were arrested today as anti-King demonstrations by major political parties rocked Nepal, including the capital which was virtually turned into a fortress with heavy deployment of security forces and riot police....... chanted slogans like "Down with autocratic king", "Restore Democratic Rights" "Long Live Democracy" and "Reinstate Parliament"...... cane-charged the agitators .... One hundred activists were arrested from Pokhara, twenty-five, including Nepali Congress central member and former Minister Rambaran Yadav, were arrested from Dhanusha today ..... In Dhanusha some 3,000 activists demonstrated and police cane-charged them. Fifteen people were arrested from Bardia and 15 from Nawalparasi ..... Dolakha and Tanhu .... from Gaushala and various campuses in Kathmandu .... "The government is not talking of clampdown on political activities. In fact, it (govt) does not at all see the possibility any stir. But it is prepared to seriously deal with violent agitations"
• Nepal army kills 50 Maoists in battle Sify, India ....a night-long battle in western Nepal to repel a largescale attack on a security forces base ..... bodies of 50 rebels in combat dress and 31 automatic weapons have been recovered from the clash site .... "Hectic search operations are going on to locate the rebels who are suspected to be hiding in the neighbouring areas"
• Anti-King protests rock Nepal, over 250 arrested Deccan Herald, India
  
• Nepal Army Kills 50 Rebels; 500 Protesters Arrested Swissinfo, Switzerland many more, possibly hundreds,of Maoists could have died in the fighting ...... rebelsfrequently carry their casualties with them to keep moral up...... an attack five weeks ago in which the army said its forces hadkilled at least 50 rebels in the western Bardiya district...... Around 450 more activists were arrested in pro-democracygatherings elsewhere in Nepal. In the eastern towns of Janakpur, Sarlahi and Mahottari, dozens of activists wereinjured after police used batons to break up protests......
  In Janakpur, where political activists staged protestsagainst the king, a local journalist said he saw at least 45 injured demonstrators at a local hospital...... pro-democracy protesters who appeared suddenly in ones and twos were quickly arrested,bundled into iron-meshed vans by police and driven away......
  
• A quiet panic in Kathmandu ANALYSIS / NEPAL Bangkok Post
  
• Nepal's streets erupt again Times of India, India
  
• UN moved against Nepal Times of India, India Human rights groups on Friday urged the 53 countries in the UN's top human rights body to take firm action against Nepal.
  
• 85 anti-gov't guerrillas killed in Nepal People's Daily Online A total of 12 security personnel have also lost their lives since the state of emergency was imposed on Feb. 1
  

Reviving Parliament: Not An Option

People like Girija Koirala will have you believe all is fine, and once they form a government, they will form a commission to find out if the house is really on fire, and if the crisis is for real. I mean, c'mon.

The country is going through a civil war. It has the worst human rights violations of any country today due to the war. And so the resolve has to be to bring peace at the earliest. And you don't make peace by sticking to your guns. You make peace by surveying the scene, and seeing there are other players also occupying the chessboard. And you think of optimal options for each player. How far are the Monarchists willing to go? How far are the Maoists willing to go? How far are all the various political parties willing to go? How strong are each? Which are the hardliners and moderates in each camp? How do you go ahead such that you do not hurt the moderates and boost the hardliners? Because hardliners tend to be opposed to any and all overtures to camps other than their own. To them peace means tension will subside, and if that happens then their group cohesion will no longer be as strong, and to them that is a no-no, because they feel lost personally if the tension slackens. So peacemakers in each of the three camps have to be the most careful of the hardliners in their own camps, almost more than they might of the moderates in the other camps.

You can't just declare your stand and repeat it ad nauseum and expect everyone else to come around to it. That has not worked. And that will continue not to work. And as long as it does not work, the civil war will continue. So all those who are delaying peace have blood on their hands.

The biggest reason the parliament can not be revived is that when the country did have a parliament, the insurgency did not go away. It grew. 2005 is like 1990. You could not have tinkered with the existing constitution to deal with the 1990 movement. You had to put in place an interim government, and start afresh. That is what needs to be done now.

I can sense there is a feeling among the members of the now dissolved parliament that if the body were to be somehow revived, they could get back their monthly salaries. It is not explicit, but I can feel that. To that I say, the sooner peace comes, the sooner elections are held by the interim government, sooner will they start getting their paychecks again. But sticking to the agenda of reviving the parliament just delays the whole thing, and they end up with nothing but frustration.

Girija's call for a revived parliament has lead the entire flock of democrats into a dead alley. It is time to navigate away from that dead end.

Yesterday Girija and Deuba held "unconditional peace talks" between them and agreed to reunite their two factions. To them a split in the Congress is such a big deal that they are okay holding unconditional peace talks, but they never thought of making a similar offer to the Maoists when they had a chance. Why? Is a civil war in the country a lesser problem than a split in the Congress party?

The parliament can not be revived according to the 1990 constitution. Its term has expired. It can only be revived by some dictator because, technically speaking, a dictator can do anything, rules do not apply. So to call for a revived parliament is to (1) ask the king to become a dictator, and (2) to urge that dictator to voluntarily do something that will displace him from center stage and instead will bring Girija to the political center stage. There are two problems there. One, what kind of a democrat are you if you fantasize the king became dictatorial and, if so, why do you complain when he does/has become dictatorial, although in a whole different way? Two, ever since this king got onto the throne, he has only done things to expand his political base and powers. Why should you assume he, on his own, will now go in the opposite direction?

Instead there has to be relentless dialogue among all political parties to forge a common minimum program. In 1990 that CMP was "multi-party democracy." Today it has to be an all-party government and a constituent assembly. I just do not see any other way forward that will bring peace at the earliest.

In The News

• Why India holds key to peace in Nepal Rediff, India "My colleagues and I are denied access to the site to investigate. There is no body to look into our recommendations and suggestions. There is complete anarchy." ..... women were detained and raped in military barracks but nobody was bothered..... Here at the United Nations, Nepal has been cornered from all sides. Switzerland, with the support of European Union, is trying to pass a resolution against Nepal under Agenda Item 9 at the United Nations; voting on which will happen in a fortnight.... If a resolution under Agenda Item 9 is passed against Nepal, UN will appoint a Special Rapporteur to the country to investigate human rights violations and suggest measures to be taken by the international community to bring greater accountability...... there are Ukrainian mercenaries piloting helicopters gifted by India in Nepal. There are mercenaries from South Africa's old apartheid regime as advisors in the Royal Nepal Army ..... Delhi's timetable may not be in consonance with fast moving developments in Nepal ..... the Maoists want UN intervention and they are willing to talk .....The king's emissaries have been unsuccessfully countering arguments against the regime...... The state of emergency has been imposed only for three months ..... coordination between Nepal's various politicians would be necessary to pacify the king..... there are some changes expected in Kathmandu. ..... Will the king attempt a new interim government with those he detained earlier?
• Palace puzzle in swipe at ambassador Calcutta Telegraph A former general of the Royal Nepal Army.... has called for the expulsion of the Indian ambassador, prompting Delhi to gauge whether... he was being egged on by someone close to the palace....... The monarch has refused to meet the Indian ambassador despite a request pending for over a month...... The latest sticking point has been Delhi’s refusal to use its influence to water down a possible anti-Nepal resolution at the UN Human Rights Commission that is now in session in Geneva.
• NEPAL: Maoist blockade hits vulnerable rural communities Reuters AlertNet Children are especially threatened as essential medical supplies such as vaccines and vitamins may not reach them in time and schooling is interrupted ...... Nepalgunj .... streets are totally deserted ... shops have been shut down. There is no sign of public transportation, taxis or private vehicles anywhere. A handful of ambulances have been seen on the streets, and then only when they are escorted by army jeeps ..... the first day of the blockade, an ambulance was torched and destroyed at Satari village in Surkhet..... Food security is also poor in Jumla district ..... There are few roads in the region and private airlines that delivered food by air stopped flights on Sunday after rebels warned them not to fly for at least three weeks....... Vulnerable communities are also being affecting in the remote, food-deficient area of Jajarkot..... Even traditional means of transport, like mules and porters, have stopped moving there due to fear of looting by the rebels.......
  
• Maoists want international rights watchdog for Nepal Netindia123.com, India Maoists Tuesday demanded an international monitoring team to probe human rights abuses in the kingdom ....... Former member of parliament and Maoist spokesman Krishna Bahadur Mahara issued a statement, accusing the army of spreading terror countrywide, especially in the southern districts of Kapilavastu, Rupandehi, Nawalparasi and Kailali....... Mahara, who carries a price tag on his head, has accused the Royal Nepalese Army of killings, rape and arson. ...... Mahara says an international rights team should conduct an independent probe into the incidents........ This is the first time the Maoists have made such a demand. They themselves have come under severe fire from rights organisations for abductions, extortion, torture and killings.
  
• Nepal Has No Alternative to Democracy, King Gyanendra Says ``The alternative to democracy is always democracy,''``Terrorism can never be an alternative to it.'' The army is being deployed to curb terrorism in the country by communist rebels and to guarantee the constitution and the rights of the people, the king said. Businesses in cities in Nepal have closed on the third day of an 11-day general strike called by rebels....... The strike interrupted transport in most districts. The capital, Kathmandu, wasn't affected ..... Sher Bahadur Deuba and Girija Prasad Koirala, who have held the post of prime minister in Nepal, met at the weekend in Kathmandu to discuss protesting the state of emergency, according to a report on the government's Web site....... Both leaders have called for the creation of an all-party government......
  
• Nepal politicians trying to restore democracy Efforts by Nepal's ousted politicians to restore democracy will be put to the test from Wednesday when three days of protests are planned against the King ...... Security guards kept Madhav Kumar inside his house and Deuba failed to meet him, but he vowed to pursue his efforts and to consult across the political spectrum..... Police forcefully removed journalists at the scene, tearing up notebooks and erasing video recordings...... "I am going to launch a strong protest against the undemocratic practices and I will consult all the party leaders in this connection," Deuba told reporters...... Koirala, also a former prime minister, and Deuba held talks for the first time since the royal takeover ...... They agreed to set up a joint mechanism to re-unite the two parties .... "The two leaders agreed to unite without any pre-conditions and push forward the democratic movement," the source said. "If they unite, it will be an effective force to resolve the current political crisis in Nepal," ..... Securitymen arrested the vice president of the Nepal Student Union (NSU), Pradip Poudel, and student leader Dharma Khanal when they tried to meet Koirala..... "The parliament must be reinstated by the king which will activate the constitution and, after that, an all-party government can be formed which will tackle the Maoist problem," Koirala said .....
  
• Can The Nepali Media Bring Peace? The media's pervasive and positive persuasive influence can be put to strengthen peace building processes..... A key function of the media is to give the public the information necessary to make good decisions. The media can create pressure to address the conflict. The media may also help maintain a balance of power between the political parties in Nepal..... much of Asia's media (In Nepal too) is either partisan or outright controlled by, for example, the government, political party or leaders ..... One kind of media may emphasise individualism and independence while another values collectivism and interdependence...... Several communist utopian communities were attempted in the 19th century in the U.S. and in Europe, and every one failed and was abandoned. On a national scale, the Soviet communist state left the country underdeveloped and had to be completely abandoned and made into a capitalist economy....... In Soviet Union, the theory of a communist "classless society" never occurred. Instead, they became class societies where the rulers enjoyed freedom and wealth while the people were oppressed and poor. ..... closing the door on dialogue with the Maoists is not politically acceptable ..... Nepali Media had still not played effective roles in minimizing Maoists conflict..... Under the 1949 Geneva Conventions, journalists must be treated humanely. Maoists should remember that media can be an instrument of conflict resolution.
• The Royal Move, Decisive Response To Crisis Nepal, which had been at the forefront in promoting peace and goodwill under the UN auspices, had itself been bleeding painfully under the dual impact of bad governance and a terrorist onslaught at the same time. Political parties were unable to govern effectively as their leaders were mainly focused on fulfilling their own selfish and myopic interests..... the Maoist terrorist onslaught can be halted by security forces only with the King at the helm. The decade long Maoist insurrection is the result of bad governance on the part of the leaders of political parties who had been democratically elected .... Failure of democracy in Nepal, as in other developing countries, poses a challenge for which political science as an academic discipline does not offer any easy solution...... Rousseau, the celebrated political scientist, that representatives ceased to represent the interests of the people no sooner than they were elected ..... problem worsens in the absence of internal democracy and discipline in the operation of political parties .... The very institution of political parties created the need for funding them. Money was required to organize and operate political parties. Naturally enough, only those who could garner the money would manage to acquire leadership positions. And since only those who were in leadership positions could amass money, there was a never-ending battle for leadership, occasionally leading to formal splits...... People appear to have overwhelmingly supported the Royal move. Public display of joy and jubilation has taken place throughout the nation. Rallies and processions have been held to mark the occasion..... Concern for democracy was natural but a specific call for mandatory participation of political parties, which stand discredited and isolated, may not be the best course at this difficult juncture..... As an immediate neighbor providing military assistance of a lethal kind to the Royal Nepal Army, it is after all India which stands to gain most from a halt to the Maoist insurrection.... King Gyanendra, who has repeatedly reaffirmed his commitment to restore democracy at the earliest possible date, and has staked his all by volunteering to assume direct control of the government above and beyond the call of duty as a constitutional monarch. He has assumed for himself the political responsibility not envisaged in the constitution which had been drafted with an alien theme of a negative kind as its raison d’etre: ‘The king can do no wrong’. But by acting as he has, he has proved himself faithful to the oath he was required to take when the crown was placed on his head, in accordance with the age-old Vedic rituals, to undertake whatever was necessary to uphold the dharma of maintaining law and order for the welfare of his beloved subjects, come what may.
• Female Soldiers And Feminism The historic decision by RNA, to induct women in the armed, non-technical positions including the military police, is a major victory for Nepalese women. In the 1960s, women were recruited in the health services of the Nepali military. Later in 1999, the legal service was opened to women. At present, the RNA's legal section has just four women officers...... The new regulations shows women are no longer viewed as primarily "nurturing" or "emotional" creatures, but are judged on their individual qualities..... The hundreds of women queuing at the army headquarters to apply for different vacancies shows the decision will smash the traditional thinking that women are fit only for household chores...... Female soldiers have existed in most parts of the world and at most times.... Even women's sexuality is treated as dangerous and threatening..... The most immediately involved, they pay the price of war and the absence of peace..... Nepalese feminist should determine that the ultimate goal of the peace is a final status agreement and an end to the Maoists conflict...... Women and their dependent children are approximately 75% of those displaced and have suffered severe consequences to their health, nutrition, education and well-being.....
  
• US quietly put off military training in Nepal The US quietly put off a military training session for Nepal's army that was originally scheduled to take place last month..... following a tacit understanding with Britain and India that none of the trio would aid the RNA till King Gyanendra rolled back his royal coup..... training involves intelligence, psychological operations and special operations to help the RNA combat Maoist insurgents..... the communist insurgency, which the US considers a greater peril... freeing all detainees, lifting emergency, restoring civil liberties and allowing the media full freedom, and initiating dialogue with political parties.....
  
• Nepal King's aide slams Indian Ambassador, seeks his ouster Accusing Indian Ambassador to Nepal Shiv Shankar Mukherjee of "instigating politicians" against the monarchy, an aide of King Gyanendra has demanded his expulsion from the kingdom...... Bharat Keshar Singh, Honorary aide-de-camp to the King, in an interview to a vernacular weekly 'Janadharana' charged Mukherjee with trying to rally politicians against Gyanendra .... The Indian Ambassador "has no right to gather political leaders," Singh, who is also the President of the World Hindu Federation, said accusing the diplomat of trying to create disaffection towards the King...... Singh said there are media reports that Mukherjee hosted a dinner party for various political leaders and allegedly offered his help to fight against the King..... If the reports are true then he should be expelled from the country
• Expel Indian envoy, says Nepal King's aide Times of India, India
  
• China brings Nepal friendship, not arms Asia Times Online, Hong Kong Already the rebels have burnt seven trucks on a key highway, disrupting traffic ..... an RNA officer said security contingents had escorted 800 vehicles to and from Kathmandu ..... a 11-day blockade. According to analysts, any longer strike would have seen the hard pressed RNA struggling to control the highways because of low ammunition stocks..... the military has only enough bullets and other ordinance to last for about four months. That probably is just enough to foil the blockade, but clearly inadequate to hold the Maoists down for long..... the Chinese foreign minister left on April 1 without any promises of weapons assistance. In fact, the issue did not even figure in bilateral talks..... despite the diplomatic niceties surrounding the visit, the Chinese appear to have dashed the hopes of Nepal's royal regime...... the royal regime had hyped up media speculation that China would be providing military assistance ..... The US, which has supplied 20,000 M-16 rifles to the RNA, also refrained from providing fresh assistance..... Just before the Chinese visit, former RNA chief of staff General Satchit Shumsher Rana said, "We should seek and accept military assistance from the Chinese." And RNA generals leaked a report to a local newspaper saying that China had agreed to provide assistance to set up an ammunitions factory to manufacture bullets for the Indian and US-made rifles ...... "The regime seems to be caught in its own hype. Zhaoxing's refusal to talk about military assistance indicates that China will not risk its international standing by militarily supporting a regime that many other powerful countries have shooed off" ..... "Providing military assistance at this time would have indicated that China will have its own policy in South Asia, and that could have antagonized India to a great extent. China does not want any new antagonism. It wants peace on its borders so it can pursue economic progress." ..... If the RNA can't get new weapons, it will either make it easier for the Maoists to win or turn the RNA inwards, resulting in more brutality and human rights abuses.
• Call Issued to Defy Rebel-Led Strike Scotsman the Department of Transport Management in a statement ordered all public bus and truck drivers to return to the roads, saying it would revoke their road permits and driving licenses if they failed to comply. .... many businesses in Kathmandu and other major towns remained closed because of the strike. Food prices have skyrocketed because the strike has strangled the flow of supplies of fruits and vegetables......
  
• Nepal wooing expectant mothers to hospitals:- Webindia123, India 4,500 women die each year in the Himalayan kingdom due to pregnancy-related complications .... Women will be given $7, $14 and $21 respectively in the terai, hilly and Himalayan regions of the country to encourage them to go to the health centres or hospitals for childbirth..... 90 percent Nepali women give birth at home
• Six Israelis rescued from Maoists controlled area in Nepal Hindustan Times, India Six deaf-mute Israelis were rescued by a helicopter from a Maoist rebels controlled area in Nepal ..... Israeli insurance company, Clal, sponsored the helicopter at the request of Israeli Counsel in Nepal...... "Nothing happened to the tourists, but they were in a very unpleasant situation.
  

To: Benazir Bhutto

Ms. Bhutto. I read your autobiography, Daughter Of The East, when I was at high school, because that is when it came out. You have always been an aspiring presence to me and to numerous others. I also sent you an email in 1999 when I was part of a Philadelphia-based dot com company that was trying to become the leading South Asian online community at the time, and received a form response!

But today I write to you as a Nepali democrat. Democracy has been hijacked in Nepal and the Musharraf regime has been reaching out to the junta in Kathmandu, and we feel an urgent need to strike back. We would like to express solidarity to you so as to cement an ongoing relationship of moral as well as logistical support to each other to the point of reestablishing democracies in our respective countries, and also beyond. If democracy is a superior concept to autocracy, as I believe it is, we democrats should be able to beat the autocrats in terms of our message, reachout, organization and communication efforts. Where autocrats offer monotones, since only the person at the top has to call the shots, we democrats tend to offer a cacophony of voices among ourselves. That is our wealth of ideas and opinions and not disunity. And we have to forge unity for all our divergent viewpoints. The idea of a common minimum program has to be brought forth.

We democrats are right. We also need to become strong to displace the wrong and strong. We need to become more effective in our efforts to take back our respective countries. We need to outdo them with a superior sense of organization. We need to prepare for power, we need to think up ways to place a firm, irreversible civilian control over our respective militaries. In the case of Nepal, I have broached the possibility of totally doing away with it.

And, I believe, we need to collaborate to implement concepts of Total Democracy, Transparent Democracy, and Human Capital, talked about elsewhere at this blog. We have to counter propaganda with propaganda. We have to hit back.

I give Gyanendra 1-2 years max, Musharraf maybe 2-3. The challenge is to tighten their nooses and shorten that span. Let's get to work. Let's rally our efforts. Let's send them into exile and permanent oblivion.

With much respect and admiration.

Paramendra Bhagat

(sent to webmaster@ppp.org.pk, ppp@comstats.net.pk, smhq@hotmail.com)

• Ms Bhutto's Message on 26th Anniversary of Shaheed Z.A Bhutto Today unfortunately tyranny and despotic rule once again reigns in our land. Democracy has been vandalized and state institutions systematically destroyed....... as people slip into abject poverty the speaker national Assembly has ordered for himself a new Mercedes costing over 11 million rupees ...... National assets have been doled out to the favorites at cheaper prices robbing the employees and people. Corruption is widespread. The people of Pakistan can judge that dictatorship has given the kalishnikov culture and politics of ethnicity and baradarism whereas democracy has brought respect, honour, progress and prosperity in social and economic terms..... On this day I urge all the democratic forces in the country to renew their determination to fight for the restoration of the Constitution of 1973 and democracy in the country. I also urge the people to forge unity in their ranks to fight for rule of law, for justice, for equity and for a return of the military to their professional duties ....... The survival of the country and the federation lies in Constitutional rule, in Federalism, Democracy, provincial autonomy for the provinces and economic opportunity for our people
• Zardari Returns A Hardened Politician. Benazir Bhutto's is like the Shakespearean tragedy. The people of Pakistan want her, the world appreciates her, her qualifications are beyond comparison in Pakistan, yet some feel they can do without her. She has managed to keep herself intact, her charisma intact, me intact in prison, the party intact, and the public support intact..... There is nothing that the establishment didn't do against us.
• The Story Of Benazir Benazir Bhutto June 21, 2003 I wonder: when will I be free/To return to Larkana ...... When will I walk home from Arab lands/To my own sweet Motherland ..... Although the tyrants do not care/Strands of white my hair now shows/My face is gaunt with sadness/I to my people want to go/I came in the winter of repression ...... Let Mother’s sickness not worsen in exile/Trapped in a mind wanting to forget/A heart weeping for young sons killed ...... O where is my husband gone?/His life's prime and his grace?/Prison Walls confine him ...... Pakistan, my health is worn/My joy is gone/And yet my heart is strong ....... Each day I smile for the world/For my children and my self/They ask: when can we return? ...... I speak of justice fled/From hearts of men/Into the breasts of beasts ....... I think of the poor people/A better fate they deserve/Than the military conqueror's boots ....... Plazas and Plots for the elite lot ... All on starving backs of people robbed ...... Mug shots and finger prints are demanded/Worshippers live in fear and dread/Tenants are ejected/Soldiers in snows abandoned ........ Democracy is for those in Mufti/Dictatorship the dream of Generals in Khaki ...... Away I live in a mansion grand/But I long to campaign/On long and rocky roads/In bumpy jeep rides ....... My spirit is in one place/My body in another/My mind torn asunder ...... The Elections were so Unfair ..... Billions spent in marketing/A dictatorship as a democracy .... Boxes were filled/Ballots torn ...... The presidential palace is ugly/In a land with widespread poverty/Parliament has yet to dress itself/With Constitutional power/The phoenix rises from the ashes/Peoples Power will be born again ..... The rulers offer comfort/In return they demand conscience .... The Kurds fought for decades/The Kashmiris do too/The Palestinians refused to surrender ..... One has might/The other right/One has the sword/The other the pen/Guns rust and fall apart/Ideas live forever ...... The cranes fly to their native hills/My heart longs to fly with them/Invisible chains/Hold me prisoner .... They thought it generous/To offer freedom for abandonment/The abandonment of a people, of a land/Of a struggle, of a dream/Of principles and of conscience ....... I know I will return ...... My enemies wish I never was born/For them it was a torture and a shame/That I became/The first woman leader of a Muslim State/Crumbling centuries of control/Triumphantly proclaiming/The equality of men and women/The pristine message of Islam ..... Better a life of test/Than a worthless life of rest ....... I hear of miseries/Of families without income/Of fear of hunger/I hear/And my own suffering retreats ....... Unhappy are the days/Far from Malir and Multan/Far from Mardan and Makran ....... I think of those exiled/from their homelands/In Los Angeles, London, Dubai ..... For the homeland/I was born in/Buried my Father/Buried my brother/Married/Had my children/Served a Nation/Helped a people/Without telephone or electricity/Computers or emails/Polio drops or iodine/Enter the modern age ....... Billions spent on false cases /On propaganda /Psy war and special operations ..... Have faith/We will win.

News Clips April 2, 4

April 4

• Village mobs rise in war-wracked Nepal Christian Science Monitor Carrying bamboo sticks in their fists, a crowd of men formed in the village of Ganeshpur. "Kill the Maoists and their supporters," a young man shouted as the mob moved down the street. Soldiers at a barracks 90 feet away stood by and did nothing...... pro-government local militias could get beyond the military's control - adding a third, less disciplined, faction to the fighting .... Peace negotiations.. seem far off..... Protests in the capital organized by five mainstream political parties continue almost daily against the king ... People from 21 nearby villages started to rise up as well, leaving 31 people dead so far - many of them lynched, while some were burned alive. Vigilantes have also burned down about 600 houses. At its height, the mob numbered around 25,000..... In response, Maoists have killed at least 17 villagers - beheading six or more of them - and have said they will kill about 100 others who are on their list...... the violence was not spontaneous.... Army and police personnel had been shown escorting anti-Maoist mobs on state-run Nepal Television .... "Members of the group are free to kill those they don't like, not necessarily the Maoists." ..... violence in Nepal has only escalated since the king's widely condemned power grab ..... 35,000 villagers have fled to India ....."I won't return even if someone gives me 500,000 rupees [about $7,000]," says Kala Hussein Siddiqi, a Nepali from Nandanagar who now lives in India. Siddiqi was one of those in the vigilante groups, but he says he didn't kill anyone........ "Both the Maoists and the locals are up in arms against one another and are waiting to take revenge." ..... Himanchal Pasi witnessed the killing of her adult son, Rambili Pasi.
• Nepal king makes rare address to military Deepika .... urged the security forces to crush a long-running revolt by Maoist rebels .... told army officers in a rare address to a military academy on the outskirts of Kathmandu
• Maoist blockade chokes key checkpoint Gulf Times At least 500 vehicles are queuing up at Nagdhunga .... the government has been forced to invoke anti-hoarding laws in the capital after food prices rocketed
  
• 400-year idol stolen in Nepal Xinhua, China A 17th-century idol of Shankar Narayan was stolen from the heavily guarded Pashupatinath temple in Nepal Sunday night........ Pashupatinath temples is one of the seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites located in the Kathmandu Valley....... Even though a police beat is situated nearby, nobody came to know about the theft of the two-and-a-half feet tall idol ..... The 17th-century granite idol of Shankar Narayan had been laying exactly on the right side of the main gate of the Pashupatinath temple .......
• Maoist strike cripples life in rural Nepal Daily Times, Pakistan .... vegetable and fruit prices soared in Kathmandu’s markets ..... “The prices of tomatoes doubled in comparison to Friday,” to 45 rupees (60 US cents) per kilogram ......
  
• Maoist strike cripples normal life in rural Nepal New Kerala .... the number of long route passenger buses has come down significantly due to the maoist threat .... Vehicles going out of Kathmandu outnumbered those coming in ...... in rest of the country the SLC exams were conducted without any disturbances despite the Maoist blockade ...... Mechi truck entrepreneurs’ association .. has been revealed after investigation that the association had given more than Rs 9 lakh to the Maoists over the past two months .....
  
• Asia ; Nepal bomb blast kills one, strike begins to bite: Keralanext .... the town overlooking the scenic Himalayan mountains shut down after the attack ..... "It is completely closed after the blasts. It is quiet but tense" ..... The rebels have in the past triggered bomb blasts around the country, particularly in towns, to scare people and enforce strike calls. .... Prices of consumer goods have increased steeply ..... prices of tomatoes had increased six-fold to 60 Nepali rupees (80 U.S. cents) per kg in capital Kathmandu ..... People generally heed the rebels for fear of reprisals.
  
• Nepal Explosion Kills Student, Injures Two Scotland on Sunday
• One killed in blast as Nepal blockade continues Financial Express, India The effect of blockade was not felt inside the valley, though life was difficult in outside districts......
  
• Nepal blast Calcutta Telegraph
• Maoist blockade forces government to ban travel without armed ... ReliefWeb (press release) trucks and buses were stranded by lengthy security checks before entering or leaving the capital ..... More than 700 buses, trucks and cars were waiting for security escorts ..... government announced an overnight curfew on some of Nepal's main highways, banning traffic between 9:00 pm and 3:00 am ......
  
• Gorkhapatra is not responsible for the content of external ... Gorkhapatra
• 10 killed in Nepal, 11-day shutdown enters second day Express Newsline the army battled to foil it...... Traffic heading out of Kathmandu valley was ordered back by the army as soldiers toiled to clear the obstructed Mugling-Narayanghat road leading out of the valley towards India....... Kathmandu valley, where security forces remain concentrated ..... In Sarlahi district in central Nepal, the rebels bombed a telephone exchange office, injuring two civilians and disrupting about 150 telephone lines. In Bardiya in midwest Nepal, the outlaws destroyed two small bridges connecting the southbound highway that connects Gulariya, headquarters of the district, with Nepalgunj
  
• Exam center bombed in western Nepal Xinhua, China guerrillas detonated a powerful bomb in the premises of theexam center at Dipendra Police Boarding School at Tribhuvan Municipality in Dang district ..... bombing damaged five classrooms of the school, where most of the students are sons and daughters of policemen
• Patil hopes for an upward turn in Nepal with release of Koirala Deepika, India
• Earning by learning Nepali Times, Nepal .. 80-90 percent of all children of school-going age in Nepal are either dropouts or have the ‘failed’ label pinned on them for life...... Nepal’s school system is dominated by ‘general education’: an academic stream that prepares students for an antiquated exam system ....
  
• Maoist strike cripples normal life in rural Nepal New Kerala a string of bomb blasts rocking different regions of the embattled kingdom ..... the otherwise busy market area bearing a deserted appearance with most shops downing their shutters ..... “On one hand the army talks of opening the shops. Some of the shops were even broken into. Traders are on the run. The whole market is empty due to the 11-day strike declared by the Maoists. Some people in the border areas tried to get out of the place“ ..... Cross border movement of traffic was also minimal with trucks ferrying goods between India and Nepal remaining grounded ....... a truck driver, said: “As long as the road doesn’t open we would stay here. We can’t go back or unload the goods here. So we have to stay here until the road opens, where else can we go?
• Bomb Blast in Nepal Kills One, Maoist Strike Cripples Capital Voice of America
• Rebel strike shuts most of Nepal BBC News The shutdown has closed businesses and transport in most districts, but life in the capital remains unaffected..... The rebels, who oppose the February royal coup, are enforcing the stoppage through fear of reprisals...... disrupting school-leaving examinations is a new departure for the rebels, who have disregarded an appeal from the UN children's fund, Unicef, not to take their battle to schools...... Traffic on Nepal's roads is thin despite some army escorts for vehicles.
• 400-year-old idol stolen from Nepal temple New Kerala, India
  
• Four-century-old idol stolen from Pashupatinath temple Hindu
• Deuba barred from meeting detainees New Kerala, India barred by security forces from visiting a senior opposition leader and some of his own party cadre .... Deuba Monday attempted to visit Madhav Kumar Nepal .... the three-time prime minister had also planned to meet his deputy, former finance minister and deputy prime minister Bharat Mohan Adhikari, he dropped the idea after being turned away twice ..... The agitation, lacking a decisive strategy till now, is expected to grow more coordinated with the release of the detained leaders. ....Deuba met Koirala Sunday to discuss a joint strategy, though the two had been on opposite sides of the fence when Deuba was in power.
• Hard times for businesses as tourists avoid Nepal Gulf Times, Qatar The ancient city of Patan, boasting a World Heritage Site at Durbar Square, today has more pagoda temples and palaces than foreign visitors..... The immediate future looks bleak. Most local businesses trace the slide in tourism back to the June 2001 palace massacre, a bizarre tragedy in which the king, queen, crown prince and a half dozen other royals died in a hail of bullets..... Tourism provides 80,000 direct jobs and some 300,000 indirectly for a population of 24mn..... Nepal staggers from crisis to drama...... impending humanitarian disaster ...... officials, diplomats and businessmen agree that the king’s power grab has drastically improved security, notably in the capital region. ...... Violence in the Kathmandu Valley, where bombings had become an almost daily occurrence last year, is now rare..... Major clashes between security forces and Maoists have also been halted, the army reports ...... few disagree that the bloodshed has further subsided since the king seized control, deploying his forces effectively against rebels as well as pro-democracy campaigners ..... “We need a strong man in authority,” he says, bemoaning the corruption which has undermined democracy and the traditional political class....... Unconfirmed but widely believed reports of a split in Maoist ranks add to speculation that the insurgents have been forced onto the backfoot....... With the king set to unveil a reorganisation of regional administration and the emergency easing ahead of its expected lifting within four months, diplomats are wondering if he may be on the way to winning his gamble.
• A Progressive Constitution: Ending the Deadlock in Nepal .... Nobody knows who killed whom and where..... In spite of the highest per capita funding by international agencies in past fifty years, life in rural areas is pitiful in absence of any socioeconomic development structures...... The country is deadlocked due to King’s absolute political command, which is against the 1990 Constitution of Nepal. ..... King gained by playing a zero sum game with political parties. The same tactics used by his brother and father in past five decades. In fact, in past fifty years of political history of Nepal, not a single prime minister has completed its tenure of five years....... present constitution does not solve Nepal’s current socio-political and economic problems ...... an innovative constitution that guarantees rights, resources, and responsibility, and accountability at different levels rather than a simple politico-administrative makeover at the central level .... Issue of constitutional assembly is a much waited politico-economical tool in Nepal, which was raised in 1950s by the Nepali Congress ... Maoists also seems waiting for a safe landing based on this issue. ... international mediation may require to holding such an election so that guns will not prevail in the process....... so that poverty won’t be a begging bowl for ruling elites
• IJF Fears Self Censorship ...a culture of self-censorship takes hold in Nepal..... The following nine journalists arrested since 2 February remain in detention; Madhu Acharya, Kabhre Times and Samanata; D. R. Panta, Kantipur, Dadeldhura; Arjun Prasad Shah, Aajako Janapukaar Daily, Saptari; Monohar Pokhrel, Aajako Batabaran Daily; Sharad Adhikari, Channel Nepal, Dang; Arjun Dhanuk, Abhimat; Suryaa Thapa, Haank; Gopal Baraili, Gorkhapatra and most recently, on 25 March, Ganesh Mahar was detained in Dadeldhura...... The following journalists arrested prior to 1 February remain in detention; Chandra Giri, Shram, Maheshwor Pahari, Rastriya Swabhiman, Bhai Kaji Ghimire, Samadristi, Tej Narayan Sapkota, Yojana and Rupak Sapkota, Mahima.......... were detained for four hours in Lamjung for taking pictures of police arresting protesters at a rally .... The FNJ has decided to provide cash support to the families of the journalists in custody...... the Government is thought to be considering a more pervasive mechanism for keeping the media inline....... considering the formation of a “media commission” whose role would be to systematise controls ..... already the Government is making decisions about continuing Government advertising in newspapers based on daily reports from a small group of journalists working at the Department of Information (DoI) who are scanning newspapers for anti-King sentiment ...... Censorship and media crackdown continues to be worse in the regions.......
  
• Geneva: WGEID presentation .... the government of Nepal ought to allow and strengthen the presence of an independent national human rights commission in Nepal ....the human rights commission gets access to all detentions centres in the country, and finally that all army that has been involved in acts of violation of HR can be prosecuted in civilian court ..... Mr. Gyan Chandra Acharrya, Ambassador PR of Nepal ..... questioned the mandate of the working group..... documented cases of disappearances are amounting about 1600 cases ..... the WG had received replies on 89 cases out of 1600, but that these replies still did not lead to any clarification of the whereabouts of them.... most do not expect to find their dear ones alive, but at least they have the right to know the truth of what has happened to them. The Document.
  
• Eyes of human rights .... a blackout of information. Even if investigations were possible, judicial redress is not. The government and its army act with impunity on the one hand, and assure the international community about respecting human rights on the other..... the urgent need for international intervention in Nepal .... Closure of space is the closure of many human rights outfits, which leads to loss of jobs, money and clout, which were in abundant supply in freer times...... structural conditions that lead to grave human rights violations ..... end the unaccountability of the Royal Nepalese Army and bring it under civilian control...... Nepal can be another victim of US’s aggressive and insensitive foreign policy, and to India’s undemocratic enlargement of its sphere of influence in South Asia.

April 2

• Asia ; Maoist strike cripples life in rural Nepal: Keralanext .... brought business in most parts of Nepal to a standstill for a second day ...impact of the strike was more visible in rural areas ..... Businesses shutterde their premises and cars stayed off the roads in Biratnagar .... the strike had disrupted life in the western town of Nepalgunj where a string of bomb blasts late on Friday .... life in Kathmandu.. was normal...... Hundreds of cars, buses, and trucks left Bandbhangyang, the main checkpost, 20 km (12 miles) southwest of Kathmandu accompanied by army vehicles after being stranded for day.
  
• Maoists bomb two bridges in Nepal Peninsula On-line .... rebels bombed two bridges and blocked traffic on a major highway in western Nepal .... security forces recovered socket bombs, detonators, explosives, materials used for making electric ambushes and others from the bodies of the dead rebels .... torched five goods vehicles ... an attempt to cut off the capital from supplies of food and fuel ..... troops and police would escort truck and bus convoys to and from the capital. Trucks were seen leaving the capital yesterday under military escort ..... a group of rebels abducted a policeman travelling aboard a passenger van ..... Gyanendra.. will start a diplomacy campaign to woo the international community with a visit to Indonesia and China this month .....
  
• Nepali army foil guerrillas' attempt to block highways Xinhua "The joint security forces thwarted the so-called blockade along the Mungling-Narayanghadh section of Mahendra Highway" ..... The guerrillas torched seven trucks and created obstructions toblock the vehicles, but the security forces have cleared the roads ..... Hundreds of vehicles were stranded for hours waiting for entering and leaving the Kathmandu Valley on Saturday .....
  
• Protests are muted, but Nepal is uneasy International Herald Tribune, France
• Amid war, Nepal rebels build road to win hearts Houston Chronicle A steady stream of women and girls plod up from the riverbed, each balancing a heavy stone on her head. Above them, teams of workmen chip away at a rock face with pickaxes...... could take three years to reach the road's final destination
• Nepal to allow private banks to run govt transaction Xinhua, China Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB), the central bank, is planning to amend the Government Transaction Directory and change the banking policies and regulations in order to expand the sphere of government transaction to all registered banks ...... the NRB conducts 60 percent of government transaction, while the remaining 40 percent is carried out by the 43 branches of the NRB and 67 branches of the Rastriya Banijya Bank.
• 22,000 Nepalis returning from Qatar after being duped Gorkhapatra the companies that employed them is learnt to have nullified the contracts before the stipulated time ..... Nepali manpower companies had contracted them for three years for gardening and construction in Qatar...... Minster for Labour and Transport Management Ram Narayan Singh .... the Qatar government had broad plans to beautify Doha in the next five years and that there would be great demand for Nepalese workers. If the government does proper home work, there might be a demand for as many as 50,000 Nepalese