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Showing posts with label ukraine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ukraine. Show all posts

Thursday, May 25, 2023

25: Ukraine

Wagner Group boss, "Putin's butcher," says Russia at risk of losing Ukraine war and facing a "revolution"

The Wagner group forecasts disaster if Russia does not move into total war footing. Yevgeny Prigozhin has been ramping up pressure on Russia’s military leadership and extending his criticism to the country’s moneyed elites. .

The U.S.-Chinese Economic Relationship Is Changing—But Not Vanishing How “De-Risking” Can Preserve Healthy Integration .

Two Weeks at the Front in Ukraine In the trenches in the Donbas, infantrymen face unrelenting horrors, from missiles to grenades to helicopter fire. ......

If you want to live, dig.

........ shock waves and shrapnel had reduced the surrounding trees to splintered canes. Artillery had churned up so much earth that you could no longer distinguish between craters and the natural topography. ......... A log-covered dugout, where the soldiers slept, was about five feet deep and not much wider. ........ As for the infantrymen, their mission was straightforward: not to leave and not to die.......... The village was controlled by the Wagner Group, a Russian paramilitary organization notorious for committing atrocities in Africa and the Middle East. ......... “They were like zombies. They used the prisoners like a wall of meat. It didn’t matter how many we killed—they kept coming.” ........... and the conventional troops who replaced them were far less numerous and suicidal ........ “A lot of the new guys don’t have the stamina to be out here,” Pavlo said. “They get scared and they panic.” ........ The uncanny extent to which both men had adapted to their lethal environment underscored the agitation of the recent arrivals, who flinched whenever something whistled overhead or crashed nearby............ Taking out his phone, he swiped through a series of photographs: “Killed . . . killed . . . killed . . . killed . . . killed . . . wounded. . . . Now I have to get used to different people. It’s like starting over.” .......... He’d been there for six weeks and had not so much mastered his fear as accepted the illogic of running: there was nowhere to escape to. All the same, he was so timid by nature that it was difficult to imagine him repulsing a Russian attack. “I hate weapons and violence,” he said with wide-eyed incredulity, as if he still could not believe where he was. “I’m just trying to stay alive until I can get home.” ......... I spent twelve days with the 28th Brigade, and I never once saw Tynda, Odesa, or Bison put on body armor or a helmet. When I asked Bison about this, he replied, “If I’m going to die, I’ll die.” ........ the veterans had so internalized the soundscape of the war that they knew instinctively where each munition was coming from and where it would land .......... The gun’s operator, a rawboned soccer hooligan with brass knuckles tattooed on his hand, spoke of the Maxim like a car enthusiast lauding the performance of a vintage Mustang. ........... In the course of the past year, the U.S. has furnished Ukraine with more than thirty-five billion dollars in security assistance. Why, given the American largesse, had the 28th Brigade resorted to such a museum piece? A lot of equipment has been damaged or destroyed on the battlefield. At the same time, Ukraine appears to have forgone refitting debilitated units in order to stockpile for a large-scale offensive that is meant to take place later this spring. At least eight new brigades have been formed from scratch to spearhead the campaign. While these units have been receiving weapons, tanks, and training from the U.S. and Europe, veteran brigades like the 28th have had to hold the line with the dregs of a critically depleted arsenal. .......... it was “more important to focus on the accumulation of resources” for future battles. “May the soldiers in the trenches forgive me,” Zaluzhnyi said. .............. his mortar teams had fired about three hundred shells a day; now they were rationed to five a day. The Russians averaged ten times that rate. ............. The most important element of any dugout is the roof. Raw logs are brought on trucks as close to the front as possible, then carried by soldiers to the trenches. A proper roof consists of three layers of logs stacked crosswise under three feet of dirt—a thickness greater than the distance that most projectiles can penetrate during the millisecond between their impact and their detonation. Railroad ties serve as vertical posts. The dugout should be deep enough that the top barely crests the ground; from outside, all you see are steps descending to a subterranean door. ................ “I’d seen how people burn alive inside,” he told me. “One R.P.G. or mortar strike, and that’s it.” ........... and as we approached a white church outside Kostyantynivka I noticed Volynyaka crossing himself. In town, I asked him if the war had made him more religious. “No, the opposite,” he said. “I’ve started to question the existence of God.” ........... According to Volynyaka, “almost everyone” who had not already fled the town was pro-Russian. A clerk at the local grocery store had told him, “We don’t want you here.” I asked him if the hostility had eroded his motivation to keep fighting. He shook his head. “I know it’s my land—why should I care what they think?” ............... and asked me if the soil in the United States was as rich and arable as theirs. The fact that this same soil now shielded them against injury and death had only deepened their attachment to it. ............. In his spare time, he tended the vegetable patch, which he hoped would be sprouting when the homeowners returned. ............. He later told me that his preferred avatar in his favorite video game, Skyrim, was an archer. “grove st 4 life,” a reference to Grand Theft Auto, was tattooed on his forearm. When he found enough bandwidth, he planned to download a game called World of Tanks onto his phone. ........... Then, on the eve of the offensive, a young member of the brigade posted a video of himself and his comrades in which he announced where “we will be attacking.” By the time the video was deleted, it had been viewed more than eleven thousand times. ......... When a sergeant overheard a draftee telling me that he was sick, the sergeant interjected, “Everybody is sick.” .......... “Maybe the drone saw the Starlink satellite,” Ivan said. “Or they saw our toilet. It’s obviously for officers.” (The toilet was just a pit that had been dug deeply enough to afford its occupant protection while squatting.) .......... Ivan grabbed a pastry from the food rations. “I want to eat some cake before I die.” ......... Morale was as crucial an asset as any in the infantry. One day, while I was on the Zero Line, an “Army psychologist” had visited. He did not have a degree in psychology, and his role was limited to identifying soldiers who were incapacitated by fear and could not “overcome their paralysis.” He explained, “I try to convey to them why they must follow their orders. If that doesn’t work, then we send them to a real psychologist.” ............. Ivan claimed that men often faked injuries in a bid to escape the trenches. “It happens all the fucking time,” he said. But, he allowed, such desperation could arise from genuine psychological damage. ............ Almost all the veterans had suffered multiple concussions, but, as Kaban had told me, “If we get sent for treatment, who will stay in the trenches?” ............ Post-traumatic stress disorder did not seem to be an apposite diagnosis for anyone on the front, because the traumatic event was still happening. .................. “It’s easier psychologically to stay here. It’s hard to come back after visiting civilization.” ........ Kaban had recalled going to Odesa a few months earlier and experiencing a panic attack as soon as he exited the train station. The overwhelming stimuli—bustling crowds, speeding cars, jarring city noises—felt like an onslaught of potential threats. Strangers were rifling through their bags, making phone calls; Kaban instinctively reached for his Kalashnikov, only to realize that he was unarmed. When he spotted a group of soldiers patrolling the station, he ran to them, pale and shaking. “Don’t worry,” a soldier assured him. “You’re not the first. This happens a lot.” ........ At the start—when there were no Five Hundreds or fainthearted draftees, and everyone was still a volunteer, galvanized by a profound sense of patriotic duty—Oper had commanded twelve extraordinarily courageous men. He had loved them all, and all of them had died. The losses had broken something in him, and he no longer permitted himself to form comparable attachments to his subordinates. ............. The whole country has been affected by the war, but nobody has absorbed its misery and horror the way infantrymen have. ............ and he did not think that having three children should exclude a man from serving. “It should be the other way around,” he said. “They have more to fight for.” ............. “Just like the Battle of Saratoga, the fight for Bakhmut will change the trajectory of our war for independence and for freedom.” This March, Zelensky told the Associated Press that if Ukraine lost the city Putin would “smell that we are weak” and “sell this victory to the West, to his society, to China, to Iran.”
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рд░ेрд╢рдордХो рд╕рдЬाрдп рдоाрдлीрдХा рд▓ाрдЧि рд╢ीрддрд▓рдиिрд╡ाрд╕ рдкрдаाрдЗрдпो реиреж рдлाрдЗрд▓
рдордзुрдоेрд╣ рднрдПрдХाрд╣рд░ूрд▓े рдиिрд░्рдзрдХ्рдХ рднрдПрд░ рдЦाрди рд╕рдХ्рдЫрди् рдпी рдлрд▓рдлूрд▓
рд╣िрд░ाрд╕рддрдмाрдЯ рдмाрд▓рдХृрд╖्рдг рдЦाрдгрд▓ाрдИ рд╕рдЪिрд╡ рдкाрдг्рдбेрдХो рдкрдд्рд░–рдУрд▓ी рдмा рд░ рджेрдЙрд╡ाрд▓ाрдИ рднрдиेрд░ рдоिрд▓ाрдЙрдиुрдкрд░्рдЫ
рджूрдзрдоा рдпो рдорд╕рд▓ा рдоिрд╕ाрдПрд░ рдкिрдЙрдиुрдХा рдкाँрдЪ рдаुрд▓ा рдлाрдЗрджा : рдк्рд░рддिрд░ोрдзी рдХ्рд╖рдорддा рдмрдв्рдЫ, рд╣рдб्рдбी рдкрдиि рдмрд▓िрдпो

рдХрд╕्рддो рдЫ рд░ाрд╕्рд╡рдкाрдоा рд░рд╡ि-рд╕्рд╡рд░्рдгिрдо рдХेрдоेрд╕्рдЯ्рд░ी ? рдеुрдк्рд░ै рдЖрд░्рдеिрдХ рд░ рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддिрдХ рд╡िрд░ोрдзाрднाрд╕рдмीрдЪ рдПрдЙрдЯै рдкाрд░्рдЯीрдХो рдЙрдЪ्рдЪ рддрд╣рдоा рд░рд╣ेрдХा рд░рд╡ि рд▓ाрдоिрдЫाрдиे рд░ рд╕्рд╡рд░्рдгिрдо рд╡ाрдЧ्рд▓ेрдХो рд╕ुрд░ुрд╡ाрддी рд╕рд╣рдХाрд░्рдп рдЬрдо्рджै рдЧрд░ेрдХो рджेрдЦिрдП рдкрдиि рдпрд╕рд▓े рджीрд░्рдШрдХाрд▓ीрди рдиिрд░рди्рддрд░рддा рдкाрдЙрдиेрдоा рдЖрд╢ंрдХा рдмाँрдХी рдиै рдЫрди् । .
рд▓рдЧाрддाрд░ рдХिрди рднाрд╕िंрджैрдЫ рди्рдпुрдпोрд░्рдХ рд╕рд╣рд░ ? рдо्рдпाрдирд╣рдЯрди рд╕рд╣рд░ рдЕрд╣िрд▓े рд╕ाрдоुрдж्рд░िрдХ рдЬрд▓рд╕्рддрд░рднрди्рджा рдХेрд╡рд▓ рдПрдХ рд╡ा рджुрдИ рдоिрдЯрд░рдоाрдд्рд░ै рдоाрдеि рдЫ ।
рд░ेрд╢рдо рдЪौрдзрд░ी рдХ्рд░ाрди्рддिрдХाрд░ी рд╣ुрди् : рдмाрдмुрд░ाрдо рднрдЯ्рдЯрд░ाрдИ
рдиाрдЧрд░िрдХ рдЙрди्рдоुрдХ्рддि рдкाрд░्рдЯीрд▓े рдЧрд░्‍рдпो рдЖрди्рджोрд▓рдирдХो рдШोрд╖рдгा
рдк्рд░рдЪрдг्рдб, рджेрдЙрд╡ा рд░ рдУрд▓ी рдЖрдЬ рдкрдиि рдЫрд▓рдлрд▓рдоा

рдордзेрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рд╡िрд╕्рддाрд░, рдпाрджрд╡рдХो рдк्рд░рддिрдХ्рд╖ाрдоा рдк्рд░рдо рдк्рд░рдЪрдг्рдб, рднिрдд्рд░ рднिрдд्рд░ै рдкाрдХ्рджै рдЫ рдпрд╕्рддो рдЦिрдЪрдбी
рд░ेрд╢рдо рдЪौрдзрд░ी рдЬेрд▓рдоुрдХ्рдд рд╣ुрдиे рдЧрд░ि рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рд▓े рдирдпाँ рд╡िрдж्рдпрдпेрдХ рд▓्рдпाрдпो
рдн्рд░рд╖्рдЯाрдЪाрд░ рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рд╡ рдЬрдирдХрдкुрд░рдзाрдордоा рдЬрдирдордд рдкाрд░्рдЯीрдХो рдк्рд░рджрд░्рд╢рди рд░ рд╡िрд░ोрдз
рдпрд╕ै рдордзेрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рдоा рдЕрди्рдп рджрд▓рд╣рд░ु рдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдмрди्рдиे рд╣ो : рдЙрдкेрди्рдж्рд░ рдпाрджрд╡ рдЬрдирдорддрдХो рдЬिрдо्рдоा рдк्рд░рдзाрдирдорди्рдд्рд░ीрд▓ाрдИ, рдЖрд▓ोрдкाрд▓ो рдоुрдЦ्рдпрдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдкाрдЙрдиे рд╣ो
рдпाрджрд╡ рд░ рдаाрдХुрд░ рдЬрдирдХрдкुрд░рдзाрдордоा, рдордзेрд╢ рдоुрдЦ्рдпрдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдпाрджрд╡рдХो рд░ाрдЬिрдиाрдоा рдЖрдЙрдиे рд╕рдо्рднाрд╡рдиा рдпाрджрд╡ рд░ рдаाрдХुрд░ рдмिрдЪ рд░ाрддी рдЫрд▓рдлрд▓ рднрдИ рдордзेрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдкрд░िрдоाрд░्рдЬрдирдХो рд░ुрдкрд░ेрдЦा рддрдпाрд░ рд╣ुрдиेрдЫ ।
рдордзेрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рдХो рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдкрдиि рдкрд░िрд╡рд░्рддрдг рд╣ुрдиुрдкрд░्рджрдЫ : рдорд╣рди्рде рдаाрдХुрд░
рд╕рдд्рддा рдЧрдардмрди्рдзрдирдоा рдЙрдкेрди्рдж्рд░ рд░ рдбा. рд░ाрдЙрдд рдмिрдЪрдоा рдШोрдЪрдкेрдЪ рд╕ुрд░ु, рдЙрдкेрди्рдж्рд░рдХो рдпрд╕्рддो рдЖрд░ोрдк рдордзेрд╢ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рдоा рдкрд░िрд░्рдоाрдЬрдирдХो рдЬिрдо्рдоा рджेрдЙрд╡ा, рдпाрджрд╡ рд░ рдаाрдХुрд░рд▓ाрдИ

рдЗрдорд░ाрди рдЦाрдирд▓े рдЗрд╕्рд▓ाрдоाрдмाрдж рдЙрдЪ्рдЪ рдЕрджाрд▓рддрдмाрдЯ рдкाрдП рдЕрд░्рдХाे рд░ाрд╣рдд
рдЗрдорд░ाрди рдЦाрдирд▓े рднрдиे– ‘рдорд▓ाрдИ резреж рд╡рд░्рд╖ рдЬेрд▓ рд╣ाрд▓्рди рдЦोрдЬिрдПрдХो рдЫ’ рдЗрдорд░ाрди рдЦाрдирд▓े рд╕ोрдордмाрд░ рджाрдмी рдЧрд░ेрдХा рдЫрди् рдХि рджेрд╢рдХो рд╢рдХ्рддिрд╢ाрд▓ी рд╕ैрди्рдп рдк्рд░рддिрд╖्рдаाрдирд▓े рдЙрдирд▓ाрдИ рджेрд╢рдж्рд░ोрд╣рдХो рдЖрд░ोрдкрдоा рдЖрдЧाрдоी резреж рд╡рд░्рд╖рд╕рдо्рдо рдЬेрд▓рдоा рд░ाрдЦ्рдиे рдпोрдЬрдиा рдмрдиाрдПрдХो рдЫ। ...... рдЗрдорд░ाрди рдЦाрдирд▓े рдпी ‘рдЕрдкрд░ाрдзी’ рд╣рд░ूрд▓े рдЬрд╕рд░ी ‘рдЪाрджрд░ рд░ рдЪाрд░ рджिрд╡ाрд░ी’рдХो рдкрд╡िрдд्рд░рддा рд╣рдирди् рдЧрд░िрд░рд╣ेрдХा рдЬрдиाрдЙँрджै рдЙрдирд▓े рдд्рдпो рдЖрдЬрд╕рдо्рдо рдХрд╣िрд▓्рдпै рдирднрдПрдХो рдкрдиि рдмрддाрдПрдХा рдЫрди्।

Elon Musk says the ‘laptop class’ needs to ‘get off their moral high horse’ when it comes to remote work Chief executives, trying to bring employees back to the office, argue that working-from-home leads to less engaged and less productive workers....... Musk argued that tech workers—who he characterized as the “laptop class”—were unfair in demanding privileges that other people, like service workers or factory employees, could not enjoy. “You’re going to work-from-home, and you’re going to make everyone else who made your car come work in the factory? You’re going to make people who make your food that gets delivered—they can’t work from home?” Musk asked. “Does that seem morally right?” ...... In-person work sometimes led to COVID outbreaks in sectors like the meatpacking industry where working-from-home was not possible. ....... Musk claimed on CNBC that he only took two or three days off a year, and otherwise did at least some work seven days a week with only six hours of sleep a night. ........ (Musk was seen partying at a music festival in Mexico last weekend hours before a meeting with Emmanuel Macron, joking with the French president that he had to “sleep in the car” beforehand.) ...... CEOs argue that working-from-home hurts company culture, and claim that fully remote workers lose opportunities for feedback and mentoring, hurting their growth. ....... Employee surveys consistently report that workers think they are more productive at home. ......... The battle may be reaching an equilibrium around hybrid work, where employees come into the office for part of the week. The number of U.S. firms demanding in-person work five days a week dropped over the past three months, from 49% to 42% ....... Also on Tuesday, asset manager BlackRock asked employees in an internal memo to start coming in four days a week, up from three, arguing that remote workers missed both “teaching moments” and “market-moving moments” while at home.

Bill Gates is full of regret about missed vacations and broken relationships in commencement speech: ‘You are not a slacker if you cut yourself some slack’ .

Saturday, May 13, 2023

13: Ukraine

рдмाрд▓ेрдирд▓े рдкोрдЦे рдЖрдХ्рд░ोрд╢– ‘рдиेрддाрд▓ाрдИ рд╕िрдзै рдмाрдЧрдорддीрдоा рдЪोрдкрд▓्рдиुрд╕्’
реирек рд╕ै рдШрдг्рдЯा рдиिःрд╢ुрд▓्рдХ рдПрдо्рдмुрд▓ेрди्рд╕ рджिрдиे рдмाрд▓ेрдирдХो рдШोрд╖рдгा

рдоेрдпрд░ рдмाрд▓ेрди्рдж्рд░ рд╢ाрд╣рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рдз рдк्рд░рджрд░्рд╢рди

Tuesday, May 02, 2023

2: Russia



My Country Is Reaching Out to People the West Can’t Stand In a frantic few weeks, he made efforts to initiate peace talks on Ukraine, criticized the supremacy of the U.S. dollar, traveled to China and hosted Russia’s foreign minister. ......... In line with the country’s history of multilateralism and sensitive to its needs, Mr. Lula is charting his own course. ........ China, after all, is Brazil’s top trade partner, importing enormous quantities of iron ore, soybeans and, increasingly, meat. For its part, Brazil imports from China, well, pretty much everything — like pesticides, semiconductors and shiny trinkets and gadgets that fill our dollar stores. ........ “and we are interested in building a new geopolitics so that people can change the governance of the world.” ........ “free emerging countries from submission to the traditional financial institutions that intend to govern us,” pointedly criticizing the International Monetary Fund. ......... To many leaders of developing countries, the global financial system — overseen by the I.M.F. and the World Bank and administered in U.S. dollars — serves to squeeze poorer nations, locking them into debt repayment programs and forestalling investment in infrastructure and welfare. .......... At the New Development Bank ceremony, Mr. Lula said he asks himself “every night” why all countries are forced to do their trade backed by the dollar. While that sounds like a recipe for bad sleep, the concern is not in itself unreasonable. ........... Mr. Lula is also drawing on a Brazilian tradition in foreign policy, based on the principles of multilateralism, nonintervention and the peaceful settlement of conflicts. That’s what lies behind his refusal to sell weapons to Ukraine and efforts to convene a “peace club” of neutral nations to mediate talks between Ukraine and Russia. ........... He has accused the United States of “stimulating the war” and the European Union of not talking about peace — and even said that “the two countries decided to go to war,” implying that Ukraine was also to blame for the conflict. In April he suggested that Ukraine could hand over Crimea to end the war. ......... A U.S. official accused Mr. Lula of “parroting Russian and Chinese propaganda,” and an E.U. spokesman reiterated that Russia was the only one to blame. Ukraine’s Foreign Ministry spokesman, while diplomatic, made clear his unhappiness. ......... Chastened, Mr. Lula soon backed down, underlining that his government “condemns the violation of Ukraine’s territorial integrity.” Even so, he continued to advocate a “negotiated political solution” to the war and reiterated his concern “about the global consequences of this conflict.” .



Ukraine’s Military Says Crimea Blast Was Preparation for Coming Offensive Late Sunday, a day after the Crimea blast, explosions rocked Pavlograd in central Ukraine, and air raid sirens sounded across Ukraine. ........ “the broad, full-scale offensive that everyone expects.” ....... it was crucial to target Russia’s logistical capacity ahead of the counteroffensive ........ A little more than 24 hours later, Russian forces demonstrated their own ability to hit targets well inside opposing territory. ........ Russia has been able to launch deadly strikes far from the front lines, including an aerial assault on Friday that killed more than two dozen people. But it has been unable to break through the Ukrainian defenses in the east ......... Ukraine and Russia have both taken heavy casualties in hard-fought ground campaigns in the Donbas region, particularly around the city of Bakhmut, and the country’s south and east are believed to be the most likely theaters for Ukraine’s coming offensive. But shelling has remained a fixture in the daily lives of civilians from both countries in regions far from the most intense fighting. ........ Russian forces had fired a total of 57 shells on nine communities overnight ....... Evan Gershkovich, an American Wall Street Journal reporter imprisoned in Russia. .......... The State Department this month designated the journalist as “wrongfully detained,” signifying that the U.S. government sees him as the equivalent of a political hostage. ......... the first time that a Western journalist in Russia has been charged with espionage since the end of the Cold War. ........ The area of Bakhmut has been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting on the eastern front. .

The West Tried to Isolate Russia. It Didn’t Work. Another 47 countries abstained or missed the vote, including India and China. Many of those “neutral” nations have since provided crucial economic or diplomatic support for Russia. ......... While the West’s core coalition remains remarkably solid, it never convinced the rest of the world to isolate Russia. ......... Instead of cleaving in two, the world has fragmented. A vast middle sees Russia’s invasion as, primarily, a European and American problem. Rather than view it as an existential threat, these countries are largely focused on protecting their own interests amid the economic and geopolitical upheaval caused by the invasion. ......... the sanctions have not been as devastating as the West hoped. A handful of countries have filled the gap, increasing exports to Russia well above prewar levels .......... China and Turkey made up most of the export gap on their own. ........... Chinese passenger vehicles replaced Russia’s past supply from Western manufacturers. China exported more machinery and semiconductors, too. Other goods produced by multinational firms that can no longer be exported directly to Russia are now flowing through post-Soviet states. ........... President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has opened up an increased flow of goods to Russia, tearing a hole in the Western dam of sanctions. .......... after initially falling post-invasion, trade levels have rebounded because enough countries remain willing to trade with Russia. .........

even though Russia’s economy isn’t thriving, it’s strong enough to keep the war going

........... The weapons have helped Ukraine surprise the world and hold off Russia’s much larger military. At least 40 countries have provided military aid to Ukraine, either by sending offensive weapons or by providing other forms of military aid. .......... North Korea has shipped “a significant number” of artillery shells to Russia ........ Iran has provided Russia with unmanned “kamikaze” drones that Moscow has deployed for attacks against civilian infrastructure in Ukraine. .......... other countries, including China, have continued to supply Russia with dual-use goods like microchips that make their way into military equipment. .......... Russia does appear to be facing a shortage of precision weaponry, like cruise missiles, that require high-tech equipment. And Russian soldiers report a lack of night-vision equipment and surveillance drones on the front line. ........... A lot of world leaders don’t particularly like the idea of one country invading another. But many of them aren’t unhappy to see somebody stand up to the United States, either. ........... Throughout Africa, Latin America, Asia and the Middle East, many governments with strong official ties to the United States and Europe don’t see the war as a global threat. Instead, they’ve positioned themselves as neutral bystanders or arbiters, preserving as much flexibility as they can. .............. India has continually defied alignment with either side. .............. President Mohammed Bin Zayed of the United Arab Emirates traveled to Russia to meet with President Vladimir V. Putin and said he sought to find a diplomatic solution. He also offered up an Abu Dhabi airfield for the Brittney Griner prisoner exchange. ............. Dubai, in particular, has become a hub for Russians — a haven for oligarchs and pro-Kremlin elites where Western sanctions cannot reach. And Saudi Arabia has said it must pursue its own interests, even if that causes friction in its longstanding relationship with the U.S. ............. Nearly half of African countries abstained or were absent from the vote to condemn Russia, suggesting a growing reluctance in many nations to accept an American narrative of right and wrong. ........... when visited by Chancellor Olaf Scholz of Germany last month, President Luis In├бcio Lula da Silva of Brazil declined to speak in support of Ukraine, saying, “I think the reason for the war between Russia and Ukraine needs to be clearer.” .......... NATO, described as experiencing "brain death" by President Emmanuel Macron of France in 2019, once again serves the clear purpose of protecting the Western alliance from Russian attack. ......... As the war passes the one-year mark, Russia’s strategy is clear: to wait out the West.
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The Curious Conservative Case Against Defending Ukraine Donald Trump and Ron DeSantis have each expressed their opposition to Western support for Ukraine (though the Florida governor seemed to walk his opposition back); both are keenly attuned to what they think will play well in G.O.P. primaries. .......... Tucker Carlson routinely used his prime-time pedestal to disparage Volodymyr Zelensky, calling the Ukrainian president a “dictator” and comparing his dress style to that of the manager of a strip club. The Buchananite American Conservative is against the war on principle; the Trumpian Federalist is against it as a matter of political opportunism. ........... From Vietnam to Iraq, the antiwar left (both in the United States and abroad) tended to be united by a kind of instinctive pacifism, a belief that war was almost never the right answer. There has also often been a fair amount of anti-Americanism on the left — the Chomskyite view that Washington’s foreign policy is generally a force for neo-imperialism and rapacious capitalism. ........... Some of the more dovish conservative voices on Ukraine, who fear that the war could set off a nuclear conflagration with Moscow, are uber-hawks when it comes to China: They argue that the resources we are pouring into Kyiv should be held in reserve for a looming battle with Beijing over Taiwan. They are also the same people who fault Biden’s shambolic withdrawal from Afghanistan for making America seem weak, without appearing to be the least bit concerned about the signal that an American abandonment of Ukraine might also send. .......... Some of the historical revisionists who embrace Putin’s pretext for invasion — that he was provoked by the West into coming to the defense of ethnic Russians who were “stranded” in a “Nazi” Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union — would never accept those arguments in any other context: They’re the people who believe in the absolute inviolability of America’s southern border when it comes to the “invasion” of Latin American immigrants. ........... Much of this incoherence is partly explained via the George Costanza school of modern conservatism: If a Democrat is for it, they’re against it. .......... something darker is also at work. In Putin’s cult of machismo, his suppression of political opposition, his “almost sublime contempt for truth” (Joseph Conrad’s memorable line about Russian officialdom), his opportunistic embrace of religious orthodoxy, his loathing of “decadent” Western culture, his sneering indifference to international law and, above all, his contempt for democratic and liberal principles, he represents a form of politics the Tuckerites glimpsed but never quite got in the presidency of Donald Trump. ............. The hard right’s reverence for the principles of raw strength and unblinking obedience runs deep. ........... what George Orwell wrote in 1942 about the position of Western pacifists vis-├а-vis Nazi Germany: “Pacifism is objectively pro-fascist. This is elementary common sense. If you hamper the war effort of one side, you automatically help that of the other.” .

Why Do Russians Still Want to Fight? In over a year of combat, nearly 200,000 Russian troops have been killed or wounded ......... in a military operation that has proved both incompetent and ill equipped ......... Morale is reportedly low and complaints common. And yet a significant number of Russian men are still keen to fight — more, in fact, than at the war’s outset. What explains the disconnect? ......... About 36 percent of Russian men are content to be conscripted, with the most supportive group being men age 45 or older. ......... For many Russian men and their families, the war may be a horror. But it’s also the last opportunity to fix their lives........ First, there’s the money. The federal base salary for a soldier is about $2,500 a month, with payment of $39,000 for wounding and up to $65,000 in the case of death. Compared with a median monthly salary of $545, this is a handsome reward — even more so for the approximately 15.3 million Russians living below the poverty line. .......... For those coming back from the front, the state promises fast-tracked entry into civil service jobs, health insurance, free public transportation, free university education and free food at school for their children. And for those who were imprisoned and joined the Wagner private military company, the state grants freedom. .......... As one soldier wrote on Telegram in February, the war confers “a sense of belonging to the great male deed, the deed of defending our Motherland.” .......... By allowing men to escape the difficulties of everyday life — with its low pay and routine frustrations — the war offers a restoration of male self-worth. These men, at last, matter. ........... “It doesn’t matter who you are, how you look,” as one soldier put it. In the communal life of conflict, many of the distinctions of civilian life dissolve. War is an equalizer. ........... While some of the urban middle and upper classes have expressed their discontent with the war by emigrating, the poorer sections of Russian society see things differently. Mistrust of the rich, belief that sanctions actually strengthen the economy and disdain for ├йmigr├йs all attest to a class-based experience of the conflict. By participating in the war, millions of Russians at the bottom of the social ladder can emerge as the country’s true heroes, ready for the ultimate sacrifice. The risk may be grave and the financial reward uncertain. But the chance to rise in esteem and respect makes the effort worthwhile. ........... The longer the war drags on, bringing more casualties, loss and broken promises, the harder it may become to sustain such levels of acceptance. Then again, it may not. Collective emotional turmoil could deepen the feeling that the war must be won, no matter what. In the absence of an alternative vision of the future, Vladimir Putin and his war will continue to hold sway. .



This War May Be Heading for a Cease-Fire After a year of brutal fighting, in which thousands of lives have been lost, civilian infrastructure destroyed and untold damage caused, the war has reached a stalemate. Neither side will countenance a negotiated settlement. On the battlefield, battered armies contest small strips of territory, at a terrible cost. The threat of nuclear escalation hangs in the air. .......... in the long history of carnage, one war stands out for its relevance to the current blood bath in Ukraine: the war in Korea from 1950-53, where the South Koreans and their allies, headed by the United States, battled it out against North Korean and Chinese troops, backed by the Soviet Union. There are all sorts of lessons to be gleaned from the conflict. But the most important might be how it ended. ........... the conflict — which claimed as many as three million lives and destroyed entire cities — gradually fizzled out, leading to a cease-fire and a temporary division of the Korean Peninsula that proved more lasting than anyone could have imagined at the time. In the end, a stalemated war proved preferable to the alternatives. ............ The decision to start the war in Korea was made by one man: Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union. After initially rebuffing the pleas of North Korea’s dictator, Kim Il-sung, for Soviet permission to invade the South, Stalin changed his mind in January 1950. The reasons were twofold. First, with the impending conclusion of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of alliance, which would be signed in Moscow on Feb. 14, 1950, Stalin knew that he could count on the Chinese to participate in the war if required. ........... Although the two sides fought several battles between 1951 and 1953, the war basically stalled. ......... It was clear by the summer of 1951 that the war was not going anywhere, yet it took two more years — punctuated by a lethal artillery barrage across the line of control and intermittent fighting — before the fighting was brought to an end. ........... the real problem was Stalin’s reluctance to agree to a cease-fire. “I don’t think you need to expedite the war in Korea,” he wrote to Mao in June 1951. “A protracted war, first of all, is allowing the Chinese troops to perfect modern fighting skills on the battlefield and, secondly, is shaking Truman’s regime in America and is undermining the prestige of Anglo-American forces.” ........... The dictator was perfectly happy to let the war continue. The Chinese, the Koreans and the Americans were doing most of the dying, after all. ......... It was only with Stalin’s death in March 1953 that Soviet leaders reconsidered the whole misadventure and prodded their allies toward an agreement. The armistice agreement was duly signed in the little village of Panmunjom on July 27, 1953. It was, crucially, a cease-fire. There was no peace treaty, no negotiated settlement. Technically, the war is still frozen, not finished. ......... The parties most clearly opposed to the idea are those who are fighting it out on the ground: the Russians and the Ukrainians. For Ukraine, repelling an invading force that lays claim to almost one-quarter of its territory, such a position is understandable. ......... if neither side makes significant gains in coming months, the conflict could well be heading for a cease-fire. ........... The conflict will be frozen, a far-from-ideal result. Yet if we have learned anything from the Korean War, it is that a frozen conflict is better than either an outright defeat or an exhausting war of attrition. .



Pope Reveals He’s Working on Secret ‘Mission’ of Peace in Ukraine Francis said he was doing “all that is humanly possible” to help return Ukrainian children taken to Russia and urged Hungary not to slam doors on migrants. ........ Francis said he had privately discussed the situation with both Prime Minister Viktor Orban of Hungary and with the representative of the Russian Orthodox Church in Budapest, Metropolitan Hilarion. ........ “In these meetings we did not just talk about Little Red Riding Hood,” Francis said. “We spoke of all these things. Everyone is interested in the road to peace.” ......... He has compared Russia’s behavior to massacres under Stalin and has consistently supported Ukrainians and called attention to their plight. .......... As the war enters its 15th month, both the Russians and Ukrainians are preparing spring offensives and few believe a negotiated peace is imminent. ........ “I think that peace is always made by opening channels,” said the pope, who on Thursday met with Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal of Ukraine, with whom Francis said he had also discussed a “peace formula.” ......... Francis began the last day of this trip with the same theme he stressed when it began on Friday: inclusivity. In remarks in front of Mr. Orban, the European Union leader with the most hard-right and anti-immigrant stance, the pope urged his flock to welcome foreigners and migrants and to “become open doors” that are “never shut in anyone’s face.” .......... Francis celebrated a large, open-air Mass against the backdrop of the spired Parliament building on the banks of the Danube River. Tens of thousands of faithful, many holding Hungarian and Vatican City flags, crammed into the surrounding streets, watching via jumbo screens and listening to Francis through booming speakers. ............ “How sad and painful it is to see closed doors,” the pope said. “The closed doors of our selfishness with regard to others; the closed doors of our individualism amid a society of growing isolation; the closed doors of our indifference towards the underprivileged and those who suffer; the doors we close towards those who are foreign or unlike us, towards migrants or the poor.” ......... But Mr. Orban, he said, understands Hungary’s history of Ottoman invasion and that “the situation is the same now: They want to get into Europe through Hungary.” Mr. Baksa added that it was left to Mr. Orban to “save” the European Union. ..........

“if I consider myself a Christian, I can’t cherry-pick the Christian values I like,” and so he believed that the country needed to be more inclusive to migrants.

.......... On Saturday, Francis greeted some of the 2.5 million refugees who have poured across the Ukrainian border and into Hungary since Russia’s war in Ukraine began in February 2022, though only about 35,000 remain. ........... Then Francis met privately with Metropolitan Hilarion, whose church, critics say, has sought to give religious legitimacy to Mr. Putin’s invasion. ......... In a possible sign of his efforts to reposition himself as a facilitator of peace, he prayed for protection and peace for the “beleaguered Ukrainian people and the Russian people.”
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The Kremlin says it ‘knows nothing about’ a secret peace mission announced by the pope.

Wednesday, April 05, 2023

5: Ukraine

рд╢рд░рджрд╕िंрд╣ рднрдг्рдбाрд░ी резремрдФँ рдкрдЯрдХ рдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдмрди्рджा рдХिрди рдЦुрд╢ी рдЫैрдирди् рдЬिрд▓्рд▓ाрд╡ाрд╕ी? реирежрейрео рд╕ाрд▓рдоा рднрдПрдХो рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░िрдп рдкрдЮ्рдЪाрдпрдд рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪрдирдоा рдкрд╣िрд▓ो рдкрдЯрдХ рд╡िрдЬрдпी рднрдПрдХा рднрдг्рдбाрд░ी рдд्рдпрд╕рдпрддा рд╣рд░ेрдХ рд╕ंрд╕рджीрдп рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪрдирдоा рднाрдЧ рд▓िँрджै рдЖрдПрдХा рдЫрди् । реирежрейрео рджेрдЦि реирежренреп рд╕ाрд▓рд╕рдо्рдо्рдо рдЖрдЗрдкुрдЧ्рджा рд╡िрднिрди्рди рджрд▓рд╣рд░ूрд▓ाрдИ рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧ рдЧрд░ेрд░ рдордзेрд╕рдХो рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕рдоा рдиै рд╕рдмैрднрди्рджा рдмрдвी рдкрдЯрдХ рдорди्рдд्рд░ी рд╣ुрдиे рдиेрддाрдХा рд░ूрдкрдоा рджрд░्рдЬ рднрдПрдХा рднрдг्рдбाрд░ीрд▓ाрдИ рд▓िрдПрд░ рдЙрдирдХो рдЧृрд╣ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рднрдиे рдЦुрд╕ी рд╣ुрди рд╕рдХेрдХो рдЫैрди । ........ рд╕рдХ्рд░िрдп рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддि рдЧрд░ेрдХो рдкाँँрдЪ рджрд╢рдХрдоा рд╕рдд्рддा рд░ рд╢рдХ्рддिрдХै рд▓ाрдЧि рдЖрдзा рджрд░्рдЬрди рдкाрд░्рдЯी рдкрд░िрд╡рд░्рддрди рдЧрд░ेрдХा рдЙрдирдХो рд╕рдд्рддाрдЧрдордирд▓े рдХुрдиै рдк्рд░рднाрд╡ рдирдкрд░्рдиे рдорд╣ोрдд्рддрд░ी–реи рдХा рд╕्рдеाрдиीрдпрдХो рдмुрдЭाрдЗ рдЫ । рдЙрдирдХो рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддि рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕рдоा реирежрелрез рд╕ाрд▓рдоा рдкाрд░्рдЯीрд▓े рдЯिрдХрдЯ рдирджिँрджा рджрд▓ рдд्рдпाрдЧ рдЧрд░ेрд░ рд╕्рд╡рддрди्рдд्рд░ рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪрди рд▓рдбेрдХो рдШрдЯрдиा рдЫ । рдЬрд╕рд▓े рдЙрдирдХो рдХेрди्рдж्рд░рднाрд╡рдоा рдЬрдирддा рдирднрдИ рд╕рдд्рддा рд░ рд╢рдХ्рддि рдк्рд░ाрдк्рддिрдоा рд░рд╣ेрдХो рдмुрдЭाрдЙँрдЫ । ....... рдЖрдл्рдиा рдЬрдирдк्рд░рддिрдиिрдзि рднрдг्рдбाрд░ी рдкрдЯрдХ рдкрдЯрдХ рдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдмрдиे рдкрдиि рдЧृрд╣ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рднрдиे рдЦुрд╕ी рдордиाрдЙрди рд╕рдХेрдХो рдЫैрди । рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪिрдд рднрдЗрд╕рдХेрдкрдЫि рдЖрдл्рдиो рдЧृрд╣ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рдоा рдХрдоै рдЬाрдиे рд░ рдЬрдирддाрдХो рдЪाрд╣рдиा рд░ рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддाрдЕрдиुрд╕ाрд░ рдХाрдо рдирдЧрд░्рдиे рднрдПрдХाрд▓े рдЬрдирддाрдоा рдЙрдирдХो рд╕рдд्рддाрд░ोрд╣рдгрд▓े рдЦुрд╕ी рджिрди рдирд╕рдХेрдХो рд╣ो । ....... рд╢िрдХ्рд╖ा, рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рд▓рдЧाрдпрддрдХा рдЖрдзाрд░рднूрдд рдЬрдирддाрдХो рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддा рдкूрд░ा рдЧрд░्рди рдкрдиि рдЙрдирд▓े рдирд╕рдХेрдХो рдорд╣ोрдд्рддрд░ी рд╕ाрдХ्рд╖ाрд░рддा рд╣िрд╕ाрд╡рд▓े рджेрд╢рдХै ренрелрдФँ рд╕्рдеाрдирдоा рдкрд░्рдиुрд▓े рдкुрд╖्рдЯि рд╣ुрдиे рдмрд░्рджिрдмाрд╕рдХा рдиिрд░рдЬ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ी рдмрддाрдЙँрдЫрди् । рдпрд╣ाँ рдЧрд░िрдмीрдХै рдХाрд░рдг рдмрд░्рд╕ेрдиि рдзेрд░ैрд▓े рдЖрдд्рдорд╣рдд्рдпा рдЧрд░ेрдХा рддрде्рдпांрдХ рдЫ рднрдиे рд░ोрдЬрдЧाрд░рдХो рдЕрднाрд╡рд▓े ренреж рдк्рд░рддिрд╢рдд рдпुрд╡ाрд╣рд░ु рд╡ैрджेрд╢िрдХ рд░ोрдЬрдЧाрд░рдоा рдЧрдПрдХा рддрде्рдпांрдХрд▓े рджेрдЦाрдПрдХो рдЫ ।

рдк्рд░рд╣рд░ीрдмाрдЯ рдХिрди рдХुрдЯाрдИ рдЦाрдП рдЬрд╕рдкा рдЕрдз्рдпрдХ्рд╖ рдпाрджрд╡рд▓े
рддрдирд╣ुँ–рез рдоा рдд्рд░िрдкрдХ्рд╖ीрдп рднिрдбрди्рдд : рдХांрдЧ्рд░ेрд╕рдХो рдЧрдврдоा рд╕्рд╡рд░्рдгिрдорд▓ाрдИ рдЫैрди рд╕рд╣рдЬ рддрдирд╣ुँ–рез рдХांрдЧ्рд░ेрд╕рдХो рдЧрдв рдоाрдиिрди्рдЫ । реирежрекрео рдпрддाрдХा рд╕ाрдд рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪрдирдоा реирежренрек рдмाрд╣ेрдХ рдХांрдЧ्рд░ेрд╕рдХा рдкौрдбेрд▓рд▓े рдЬिрдд्рджै рдЖрдПрдХा рдеिрдП । рдЧрдд рдоंрд╕िрд░ рек рдХो рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪрдирдоा рдкौрдбेрд▓рд▓े рдкाँрдЪ рджрд▓ीрдп рдЧрдардмрди्рдзрдирдХो рд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧрдоा рдПрдоाрд▓ेрдХा рдЙрдо्рдоेрджрд╡ाрд░ рдПрдХрдмрд╣ाрджुрд░ рд░ाрдиा рдордЧрд░рд▓ाрдИ рел рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдмрдвी рдорддрд▓े рдкрд░ाрдЬिрдд рдЧрд░ेрдХा рдеिрдП । рдкौрдбेрд▓рд▓े реирел рд╣рдЬाрд░ рей рд╕рдп ремрез рдордд рдкाрдЙँрджा рдордЧрд░рд▓े резреп рд╣рдЬाрд░ реп рд╕рдп рдордд рдкाрдПрдХा рдеिрдП । ....... рдпрддा рдХांрдЧ्рд░ेрд╕ рдд्рдпाрдЧेрд░ рд░ाрд╕्рд╡рдкाрдмाрдЯ рдкрд╣िрд▓ोрдкрдЯрдХ рдЪुрдиाрд╡рдоा рдЙрдо्рдоेрджрд╡ाрд░ рдмрдиेрдХा рд╡ाрдЧ्рд▓ेрд▓ाрдИ рдкрдиि рдЪुрдиाрд╡ рдЬिрдд्рди рд╕рд╣рдЬ рджेрдЦिँрджैрди । рдоंрд╕िрд░рдХो рдиिрд░्рд╡ाрдЪрдирдоा рд░ाрд╕्рд╡рдкाрдмाрдЯ рдЙрдо्рдоेрджрд╡ाрд░ рдмрдиेрдХा рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рд╕िрдЧ्рджेрд▓рд▓े рем рд╣рдЬाрд░ рекрек рдордд рдкाрдПрдХा рдеिрдП । рдк्рд░рдд्рдпрдХ्рд╖рдоा рдЪौंрдеो рднрдПрдХो рд░ाрд╕्рд╡рдкा рд╕рдоाрдиुрдкाрддिрдХрддрд░्рдл рднрдиे рддेрд╕्рд░ो рдаूрд▓ो рджрд▓ рдмрдиेрдХो рдеिрдпो । рд░ाрд╕्рд╡рдкाрд▓े рд╕рдоाрдиुрдкाрддिрдХрдоा реиреи рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдмрдвी рдордд рд▓्рдпाрдПрдХो рдеिрдпो । рддрд░, реиреж рджिрдирдоाрдд्рд░ рдкрд░рдХो рдЪुрдиाрд╡рдоा рд╡ाрдЧ्рд▓ेрд▓ाрдИ рдЖрдл्рдиो рдкрдХ्рд╖рдоा рдоाрд╣ोрд▓ рдмрдиाрдПрд░ рдЪाрд░ рдЧुрдгा рдмрдвी рдордд рд▓्рдпाрдЙрди рдкрдХ्рдХै рдкрдиि рд╕рд╣рдЬ рд╣ुрдиे рдЫैрди । ....... рдд्рдпрд╕рдоाрдеि рдХेрд╣ी рдорддрджाрддाрд▓े рд╡ाрдЧ्рд▓ेрд▓ाрдИ ‘рдЯुрд░िрд╕्рдЯ’ рдЙрдо्рдоेрджрд╡ाрд░рдХो рдЖрд░ोрдк рд▓рдЧाрдПрдХा рдЫрди् । рддрд░, рдпрддि рд╣ुँрджाрд╣ुँрджै рдкрдиि рдЙрдирд▓े рджिрди рдк्рд░рддिрджिрди рддрдирд╣ुँрдоा рд░ाрдо्рд░ो рдоाрд╣ोрд▓ рдмрдиाрдЗрд░рд╣ेрдХो рджेрдЦिрди्рдЫ । рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖рдЧрд░ी рдпुрд╡ा рд╡рд░्рдЧрд▓े рдЙрдирдХो рдмौрдж्рдзिрдХрддाрд▓ाрдИ рдЕрдиुрдоोрджрди рдЧрд░ेрд░ рдЙрдирд▓ाрдИ рд╕ंрд╕рдж् рдкрдаाрдЙрдиे рдЪрд░्рдЪा рдпрддिрдмेрд▓ा рдЪрд▓िрд░рд╣ेрдХो рдЫ । рдЕрд░्рдердХो рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рдоा рдЙрдирд▓े рдмрдиाрдПрдХो рд╕ाрдЦрд▓े рдХाрдо рдЧрд░्рдпो рднрдиे рд╡ाрдЧ्рд▓ेрд▓े рдЪुрдиाрд╡ рдЬिрдд्рди рд╕рдХ्рдЫрди् ।

Thursday, March 30, 2023

30: Ukraine

рдЪीрдирд╕ँрдЧрдХो рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдзрд▓े рдмрджрд▓िрдПрдХो рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рдЕрд╣िрд▓ेрд╕рдо्рдо рджुрдИ рджेрд╢рдмीрдЪрдХो рдж्рд╡рди्рдж्рд╡рдХो рдоुрдЦ्рдп рдХेрди्рдж्рд░рдмिрди्рджु рдоाрдЗрдХ्рд░ोрдЪिрдк्рд╕ рд╣ो ...... рдЕрдд्рдпाрдзुрдиिрдХ рдЪिрдк्рд╕рд╣рд░ू рдмрдиाрдЙрди рдЪाрд╣िрдиे рд╕рдо्рдкूрд░्рдг рд▓िрдеोрдЧ्рд░ाрдлी рдоेрд╕िрдирд╣рд░ू рдПрдЙрдЯा рдбрдЪ рдХрдо्рдкрдиीрд▓े рдмрдиाрдЙँрдЫ । рдбेрдЯा рдХेрди्рдж्рд░рд╣рд░ूрдоा рдПрдЖрдИрдХा рдЕрдиुрдк्рд░рдпोрдЧрд╣рд░ू рдЪрд▓ाрдЙрдиे рдорд╣рдд्рд╡рдкूрд░्рдг рдЧ्рд░ाрдлिрдХ рдк्рд░ोрд╕ेрд╕िрдЩ рдПрдХाрдЗрд╣рд░ूрдХा рдбिрдЬाрдЗрдирдоा рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрдХो рд╕ाрди्рдЯा рдХ्рд▓ाрд░ा рд░ рдХ्рдпाрд▓िрдлोрд░्рдиिрдпाрд╕्рдеिрдд рджुрдЗрдЯा рдХрдо्рдкрдиीрд▓े рдПрдХाрдзिрдХाрд░ рд░ाрдЦ्рдЫрди् । ...... рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрдХो рдЖрдзिрдХाрд░िрдХ рдиीрддि рдбेрдв рдЕрд░्рдм рдЬрдирд╕ंрдЦ्рдпा рднрдПрдХो рдПрдЙрдЯा рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рдЧрд░िрдм рдмрдиाрдЙрдиे рд░рд╣ेрдХो рдЫ । .

рдХे ‘рд╕рд╣рдХाрд░्рдпрдпुрдХ्рдд рдк्рд░рддिрдж्рд╡рди्рдж्рд╡िрддा’ рд╕рдо्рднрд╡ рдЫ ? рдмрдв्рджो рдЯрдХрд░ाрд╡рдХा рдмाрдмрдЬुрдж рдпрджि рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рд░ рдЪीрдирд▓े рд╕рд╣рдХाрд░्рдп рдЧрд░्рди рд╕рдХेрдирди् рднрдиे рд╡ैрд╢्рд╡िрдХ рдЪुрдиौрддी рд╕ाрдордиा рдЧрд░्рдиे рдХाрдо рд╕рд╣рдЬ рд╣ोрд▓ा рднрди्рдиे рдаाрдЙँ рд░рд╣рди्рди ....... рд╕рди् резрепрепрен рдоा рдЬрд▓рд╡ाрдпु рдкрд░िрд╡рд░्рддрдирдоा рдмрдиाрдЗрдПрдХो рдХ्рдпोрдЯो рдк्рд░ोрдЯोрдХोрд▓ (рд╕ंрд╣िрддा) рдоा рд░ुрд╕, рдкोрд▓्рдпाрди्рдб, рд╣ंрдЧेрд░ी рд░ рдЕрд░ू рдкूрд░्рд╡рдХрдо्рдпुрдиिрд╕्рдЯ рдоुрд▓ुрдХрд▓ाрдИ рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдЕрд░्рдерддрди्рдд्рд░рдХै рдоुрд▓ुрдХрдХो рдмрд░ाрдмрд░ी рджिрдЗрдпो । рддрд░, рднाрд░рдд рдЪीрдирдЬрд╕्рддा рд╡िрдХाрд╕ोрди्рдоुрдЦ рдоुрд▓ुрдХрд▓ाрдИ рдХाрд░्рдмрди рдЙрдд्рд╕рд░्рдЬрди рдШрдЯाрдЙрдиे рдХ्рдпोрдЯो рдк्рд░ोрдЯोрдХोрд▓рдЬрд╕्рддा рд╕ंрд╣िрддा рдЬाрд░ी рдЧрд░्рдиे рдмैрдардХ–рд╕рдо्рдоेрд▓рдирдоा рдХुрдиै рд╕्рдеाрди рджिрдЗрдПрди । ......... рдЕрд╣िрд▓े рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рд╕्рд╡ाрд╕्рде्рдп рд╕ंрдЧрдарди рдиै рд╡ैрдЪाрд░िрдХ рдЯрдХрд░ाрд╡рдХो рдоैрджाрди рдмрди्рди рдкुрдЧेрдХो рдЫ । ....... рдЕрд╣िрд▓े рд╡ाрд╕िंрдЯрдирдоा рдбेрдоोрдХ्рд░ेрдЯ рд░ рд░िрдкрдм्рд▓िрдХрди рджुрд╡ै рдХो рдмрдвी рдпुрдж्рдз рдЙрди्рдоाрджी рд╣ुрдиे рднрдиेрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрд╕्рдкрд░्рдзा рдЧрд░िрд░рд╣ेрдХा рдЫрди् । рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХी рдХंрдЧ्рд░ेрд╕рдоा рдЯिрдХрдЯрдХрдХा рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рдХाрд░्рдпрдХाрд░ी рдиिрд░्рджेрд╢рдХрд▓ाрдИ рдЧрд░िрдПрдХो рдХेрд░рдХाрд░рд▓े рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рдЖрдл्рдиो рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рдк्рд░рддिрдж्рд╡рди्рдж्рд╡ीрд╕ँрдЧ рдХुрдиै рдкрдиि рдХोрдгрдмाрдЯ рдирд░рдо рд░рдмैрдпा рдЕрдкрдиाрдЗрд░рд╣ेрдХो рдЫैрди । .

рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрд▓े рдирдпाँ рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдз рдХрд╕рд░ी рдЬिрдд्рдиे ? рдЪीрди рд░ рд░ुрд╕ рджुрд╡ैрд╕ँрдЧ рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрд▓े рдирдпाँ рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдз рдеाрд▓ेрдХो рджेрдЦिрди्рдЫ । ..... рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХी рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡рдХो рдпो рдкाрдЦрдг्рдбрд▓े рдирдпाँ рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдз рдоूрд▓рддः рд╡рд░्рдЪрд╕्рд╡рдХो рдпुрдж्рдз рд╣ो, рди рдХि рдоूрд▓्рдп–рдоाрди्рдпрддाрдХो рд╣ो рднрди्рдиे рджेрдЦाрдЙँрдЫ । ....... рдЪीрдирд▓े рд░рдгрдиीрддिрдХ рд░ूрдкрдоा рдЦрддрд░ा рдк्рд░рд╕्рддुрдд рдЧрд░्рди рд╕рдХ्рдЫ, рдпрд╕рд▓ाрдИ рдЯाрд░्рди рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрд▓े рдХрдо्рддीрдоा рдЪीрдирдХो рдЖрд░्рдеिрдХ рд╡िрд╕्рддाрд░рд▓ाрдИ рд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧ рдЧрд░्рди рд░ोрдХ्рдиुрдкрд░्рдиेрдоा рд╡ाрд╕िрдЩ्рдЯрдирдоा рдж्рд╡िрдкрдХ्рд╖ीрдп рд╕рд╣рдорддि (рдбेрдоोрдХ्рд░ेрдЯिрдХ рдПрд╡ं рд░िрдкрдм्рд▓िрдХрдирдмीрдЪ) рдиै рдЫ । рдпो рджृрд╖्рдЯिрдХोрдгрд▓े рд░ोрдХрдеाрдордпुрдХ्рдд рдХाрд░рдмाрд╣ी рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХ рдЫ рднрди्рдиे рджाрдмी рдЧрд░्рдЫ рд░ рдпрд╕рдХो рдЕрд░्рде рднрдиेрдХो рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рд╡्рдпाрдкाрд░ рд╕ंрдЧрдарди рдиिрдпрдордХा рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рдз рдЬाрдиु рд╣ुрди्рдЫ, рдЬुрди рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рдЖрдлैँрд▓े рд╕िрд░्рдЬрдиा рдЧрд░्рди рд░ рдЕрдЧाрдбि рдмрдвाрдЙрди рдЕрдд्рдпрдзिрдХ рдоिрд╣िрдиेрдд рдЧрд░ेрдХो рдеिрдпो । ....... рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХी рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддिрдЬ्рдЮрд▓े рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рд╡्рдпाрдкी ‘рдЦोрдк рд░ंрдЧрднेрдж’рд▓ाрдИ рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдЧрд░ेрдХा рдеिрдП, рдЫрди् । рдзрдиी рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд▓े рдкрд░्рдпाрдк्рдд рдЦोрдк рдкाрдП, рддрд░ рдЧрд░िрдм рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рдЬेрд╕ुрдХै рдЧрд░ुрди् рднрдиेрд░ рдЫोрдбिрдпो । рдпрд╕рдмीрдЪ, рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрдХा рдирдпाँ рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдзрдХा рд╢рдд्рд░ुрд▓े рдЕрди्рдп рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рдЦोрдк рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдХाрд░рдЦाрдиा рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рдЧрд░्рди рд╡ा рдЖрдл्рдиो рдЦोрдкрдоा рдХрдо рд▓ाрдЧрдд рд╡ा рд╕рдЬिрд▓ै рдкрд╣ुँрдЪрдпोрдЧ्рдп рдмрдиाрдЙрди рдордж्рджрдд рдЧрд░ेрдХा рдЫрди् । ........ рдиैрддिрдХрддा рд░ рдЕрд░्рдерд╢ाрд╕्рдд्рд░рдоा рдирд╕िрд╣рдд рдмाँрдб्рдирдоा рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рд░ рдпुрд░ोрдк рдЕрдЧाрдбि рдЫрди् । рддी рдирд╕िрд╣рддрдоा ‘рдо рдЬे рднрди्рдЫु рдд्рдпрд╣ी рдЧрд░, рдирдХि рдо рдЬे рдЧрд░्рдЫु’ рднрди्рдиे рд╣ुрди्рдЫ । рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖рддः рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрд╕ँрдЧ рдЕрдм рд╣ाрдоी рдЙрдЪ्рдЪ рдиैрддिрдХ рдЪрд░िрдд्рд░рдХा рдЫौँ рднрди्рди рд╡ा рдирд╕िрд╣рдд рджिрди рдХुрдиै рдЖрдзाрд░ рдмाँрдХी рдЫैрди । рджрдХ्рд╖िрдгी рдЧोрд▓ाрдж्рд░्рдзрдоा рдирд╡рдЙрджाрд░рд╡ाрдж рд░ рдЯ्рд░िрдХрд▓–рдбाрдЙрди рдЕрд░्рдерд╢ाрд╕्рдд्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рдХрд╣िрд▓्рдпै рд╕्рд╡ीрдХाрд░ рдЧрд░िрдПрдХो рдеिрдПрди । рдЖрдЬ рдпो рдиीрддि рд╡िрд╢्рд╡рд╡्рдпाрдкी рд░ूрдкрдоा рдЕрд╕ाрди्рджрд░्рднिрдХ рд╣ुँрджै рдЫ । рдЕрд░्рдХाेрддрд░्рдл, рдЪीрдирд▓े рдЧрд░िрдм рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рджिрдЧो рдкूрд░्рд╡ाрдзाрд░ рд╡िрдХाрд╕рдоा рдЙрдд्рдХृрд╖्рдЯ рдк्рд░рджрд░्рд╢рди рдЧрд░ेрдХो рдЫ, рдирдХि рдирд╕िрд╣рдд рджिрдирдоा । рдпी рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ рдЛрдгрдХो рдмोрдЭ рдмोрдХ्рди рдмाрдз्рдп рдЫрди्, рддрд░ рд╡िрдХाрд╕ोрди्рдоुрдЦ рдоुрд▓ुрдХрдоा рдЛрдгрджाрддाрдХो рд░ूрдкрдоा рдкрд╢्рдЪिрдоा рдмैंрдХрдХो рдЖрдл्рдиै рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╣ाрд░рд▓ाрдИ рд╣ेрд░्рджा рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рд░ рдЕрд░ू рдоुрд▓ुрдХрд▓े рдмोрд▓्рдиे рдаाрдЙँ рд░рд╣рди्рди । ........ рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрд╕ँрдЧ рд╕ंрд╕ाрд░рдХै рдмрд▓िрдпो рдмрдорд╡рд░्рд╖рдХ рд░ рдХ्рд╖ेрдк्рдпाрд╕्рдд्рд░ рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓ी рд╣ुрди рд╕рдХ्рд▓ा, рддрд░ рдпрд╕ рдЕрд╡рд╕्рдеाрдоा рдпी рдЕрд╕्рдд्рд░рд▓े рд╣ाрдоीрд▓ाрдИ рдХुрдиै рд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧ рдЧрд░्рдиेрдЫैрдирди् । рдмрд░ु рд╣ाрдоीрд▓े рд╡िрдХाрд╕рд╢ीрд▓ рд░ рдЙрджीрдпрдоाрди рдмрдЬाрд░рд▓ाрдИ рдаोрд╕ рд╕рд╣ाрдпрддा рдк्рд░рджाрди рдЧрд░्рдиुрдкрд░्рдЫ । рдпो рдХोрднिрдбрд╕ँрдЧ рд╕рдо्рдмрди्рдзिрдд рд╕рдмै рдмौрдж्рдзिрдХ рд╕рдо्рдкрдд्рддिрдоा рдЫुрдЯрдмाрдЯ рд╕ुрд░ु рдЧрд░्рдиुрдкрд░्рдЫ, рддाрдХि рдпी рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рд▓े рдЖрдл्рдиै рдЦोрдк рд░ рдЙрдкрдЪाрд░рдХो рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдЧрд░्рди рд╕рдХुрди् । .

рдк्рд░рдзाрдирдорди्рдд्рд░ीрд▓े рддрдпाрд░ рдЧрд░े рдорди्рдд्рд░ाрд▓рдп рдмाँрдбрдлाँрдЯрдХो рдк्рд░рд╕्рддाрд╡ ‘рдЬрдирдорддрдмाрд╣ेрдХ рдЕрд░ू рджрд▓рд╕ँрдЧ рдХुрд░ाрдХाрдиी рднрдЗрд╕рдХेрдХो рдЫ । рд╕рдХेрд╕рдо्рдо рдЖрдЗрддрдмाрд░ рдиै рдЧрдардмрди्рдзрдирдХो рдмैрдардХрдоा рдмाँрдбрдлाँрдЯ рдЯुंрдЧ्рдпाрдПрд░ рд╕ोрдордмाрд░рд╕рдо्рдо рдорди्рдд्рд░िрдкрд░िрд╖рдж् рд╡िрд╕्рддाрд░ рдЧрд░्рдиे рдпोрдЬрдиा рдЫ,’ рдкाрд░्рдЯी рдмैрдардХрдоा рдк्рд░рдзाрдирдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдк्рд░рдЪрдг्рдбрдХो рднрдиाрдЗ рдеिрдпो, ‘рдЧрдардмрди्рдзрдирдоा рд╕рдордЭрджाрд░ी рдмрдиाрдЙрдиे рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рднрдЗрд░рд╣ेрдХो рдЫ । рдЧृрд╣ рд╡ा рдЕрд░्рдердордз्рдпे рдПрдХ рдорди्рдд्рд░ाрд▓рдп рдоाрдУрд╡ाрджीрдХो рдердкिрди्рдЫ рд╣ोрд▓ा ।’

рдпुрдХ्рд░ेрди рдЕрддिрдХ्рд░рдордгрд╕ँрдЧै рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдз–реи рд╕ुрд░ु рд░ुрд╕рд▓े рд╡ाрд╕िंрдЧрдЯрдирдХा рдЭेрд▓ी рд░ рдмрджрдоाрд╕ी рд░ाрдо्рд░ैрд╕ँрдЧ рд╕िрдХेрдХो рдЫ рднрди्рдиेрдоा рджुрдИ рдордд рдирд░рд╣े рдкрдиि рдЙрд╕рд▓े рд╡ाрд╕िंрдЧрдЯрдирдХा рдХрдордЬोрд░ी рд░ рдЕрд╕рдлрд▓рддाрдмाрдЯ рдкाрда рд╕िрдХेрдХो рднрдиे рджेрдЦिँрджैрди ........ рд╣ंрдЧेрд░ीрдоा рд╕рди् резрепрелрем, рдЪेрдХोрд╕्рд▓ोрднाрдХिрдпाрдоा рд╕рди् резрепремрео рд░ рдЕрдлрдЧाрдиिрд╕्рддाрдирдоा рд╕рди् резрепренреп рдоा рд╕ोрднिрдпрдд рд╕ंрдШрд▓े рдЧрд░ेрдХो рд╣рд╕्рддрдХ्рд╖ेрдкрдХो рд╢ीрддрдпुрдж्рдзрдХाрд▓ीрди рд╢рдХ्рддि рдЙрди्рдоाрдж рдорд╕्рдХोрдХो рдЕрд╣िрд▓ेрдХो рдпुрдХ्рд░ेрди рдЕрддिрдХ्рд░рдордгрдоा рджोрд╣ोрд░िрдПрдХो рдЫ । рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рдкрддि рдн्рд▓ाрджिрдоिрд░ рдкुрдЯिрдирдХा рдХрдердиी рд╣ेрд░्рдиे рд╣ो рднрдиे рд╢рдХ्рддि рдЙрди्рдоाрджрдХो рдк्рд░рджрд░्рд╢рдирдоा рд░ुрд╕ рд╕ुрд░ुрд╡ाрддी рдЪрд░рдгрдоै рд░рд╣ेрдХो рдЫ । ....... рдорд╕्рдХो рдЕрд╡िрдЪрд▓िрдд рджेрдЦिрди्рдЫ । рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рд╣ेрд░्рдиे рд╣ो рднрдиे рд░ुрд╕рдЬрд╕्рддा рдаूрд▓ा рд╢рдХ्рддि рдЬрддिрд╕ुрдХै рдХрдаोрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрдмрди्рдз рд▓ाрдЧे рдкрдиि рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░िрдп рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖ा рд╕्рд╡ाрд░्рде рдкрдЫ्рдпाрдЙрдиे рд╡िрд╖рдпрдоा рд╡िрдЪрд▓िрдд рд╣ुँрджैрдирди् । рд░, рдЬрдм рдк्рд░рддिрдмрди्рдзрд▓े рд░ुрд╕рд▓ाрдИ рдк्рд░рднाрд╡िрдд рдкाрд░्рди рдеाрд▓्рдЫ, рдорд╕्рдХो рдердк рдЙрдЧ्рд░ рд╣ुрдиे рджेрдЦिрди्рдЫ । ....... рдЕрдШिрд▓्рд▓ो рдорд╣िрдиा рдмेрдЗрдЬिрдЩ рдн्рд░рдордгрдХा рдХ्рд░рдордоा рд░ुрд╕ी рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рдкрддि рдкुрдЯिрди рд░ рдЪिрдиिрдпाँ рд╕рдордХрдХ्рд╖ी рд╕ी рдЬिрдирдкिрдЩрд▓े рдиेрдЯो рд╡िрд╕्рддाрд░рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рдз рд╕ंрдпुрдХ्рдд рд╡рдХ्рддрд╡्рдп рдЬाрд░ी рдЧрд░ेрдХा рдеिрдП । рд░ुрд╕рд▓े рдЕрддिрдХ्рд░рдордг рдЧрд░ेрдкрдЫि рдЪिрдиिрдпाँ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рдХा рдк्рд░рд╡рдХ्рддाрд▓े рдЕрддिрдХ्рд░рдордг рд╢рдм्рдж рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧ рдЧрд░ेрдирди्, рдмрд░ु рджुрд╡ै рдкрдХ्рд╖рд▓ाрдИ ‘рд╕ंрдпрдо’ рд░рд╣рди рдЖрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдЧрд░े । рдпुрдХ्рд░ेрдирдоा рд░ुрд╕ी рдЕрддिрдХ्рд░рдордгрдХो рдк्рд░рднाрд╡рд▓ाрдИ рдЖँрдХेрд░ рдЪीрдирд▓े рддाрдЗрд╡ाрдирд▓ाрдИ рдЖрдлूрдоा рдЧाрдн्рдиे–рдирдЧाрдн्рдиे рднрди्рдиेрдоा рд╡िрдЪाрд░ рдЧрд░्рдиेрдЫ । рдкुрдЯिрдирд▓े рдпुрдХ्рд░ेрдирд▓ाрдИ рдХृрдд्рд░िрдо рд░ाрдЬ्рдп рднрдиेрдЭैँ рдЪीрдирд▓े рдкрдиि рддाрдЗрд╡ाрдирд▓ाрдИ рд░ाрдЬ्рдпрдХो рд░ूрдкрдоा рд╕्рд╡िрдХाрд░ेрдХो рдЫैрди । ...... рдЬрд╕рд░ी рдкрд╢्рдЪिрдорд▓े рдХ्рд░ोрдПрдЯ्рд╕, рд╕्рд▓ोрднेрди्рд╕, рдо्рдпाрд╕ेрдбोрдиिрдпрди рд░ рдмोрд╕्рдиिрдпाрд▓ीрд▓ाрдИ репреж рдХो рджрд╢рдХрдоा рдпुрдЧोрд╕्рд▓ाрднिрдпाрдХो рд╡िрднाрдЬрди рд╣ुँрджाрдХो рд╕рдордпрдоा рдЖрдд्рдордиिрд░्рдгрдпрдХो рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░рд▓ाрдИ рдоाрди्рдпрддा рджिрдПрдХो рдеिрдпो, рдд्рдпрд╕ैрдЧрд░ी рдЕрд╣िрд▓े рдЫुрдЯ्рдЯिрдПрдХा рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рдорд╕्рдХोрд▓े рдЖрдд्рдордиिрд░्рдгрдпрдХो рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░рдХा рдЖрдзाрд░рдоा рдоाрди्рдпрддा рджिрдПрдХो рдмрддाрдПрдХो рдЫ । рд░, рдЬрд╕рд░ी рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рд░ рдпुрд░ोрдкेрд▓ी рд╕рд╣рдпोрдЧीрд▓े рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ рд╕ंрдШрдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдиिрд░्рджेрд╢िрдд ‘рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖ाрдХो рдЬिрдо्рдоेрд╡ाрд░ी’ рдЕрд░्рдеाрдд् (рдЖрд░рдЯुрдкी) рд╕िрдж्рдзाрди्рддрдХा рдиाрдордоा рд▓िрдмिрдпाрдЬрд╕्рддा рд░ाрдЬ्рдпрдоा рдЖрдл्рдиो ‘рдоाрдирд╡ीрдп’ рд╣рд╕्рддрдХ्рд╖ेрдкрд▓ाрдИ рдЬाрдпрдЬ рдард╣¥рдпाрдП, рдаीрдХ рдд्рдпрд╕ैрдЧрд░ी рд░ुрд╕рд▓े рдпुрдХ्рд░ेрдирдоा рдЖрдл्рдиो рд╣рд╕्рддрдХ्рд╖ेрдкрд▓ाрдИ рдЬाрдпрдЬ рдард╣¥рдпाрдЙрди ‘рдирд░рд╕ंрд╣ाрд░’ рд░ोрдХिрд░рд╣ेрдХो рджрд▓िрд▓ рджिрдЗрд░рд╣ेрдХो рдЫ । ....... рдкुрдЯिрдирд▓े рдкूрд░्рд╡ी–рдпुрдХ्рд░ेрдирдХा рдЧрдгрддрди्рдд्рд░рд▓ाрдИ рдоाрди्рдпрддा рджिрдиु рддрдд्рдХाрд▓ीрди рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХी рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рдкрддि рдЯ्рд░рдо्рдкрд▓े рдХрдм्рдЬा рдЧрд░िрдПрдХा рд╕िрд░िрдпाрд▓ी рднूрднाрдЧ рдЧोрд▓рди рд╣ाрдЗрдЯ्рд╕ рд░ рдк्рдпाрд▓ेрд╕्рдЯाрдЗрдирдХो рдкूрд░्рд╡рдЬेрд░ुрд╕ेрд▓рдо рдЗрдЬрд░ाрдпрд▓ी рд╕ाрд░्рд╡рднौрдорд╕рдд्рддाрдоा рдкрд░्рдиे рдЕрд╡ैрдзाрдиिрдХ рдоाрди्рдпрддा рджिрдиु рдПрдЙрдЯै рд╣ो рд░ рд╣ाрд▓рдХा рд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рдкрддि рдмाрдЗрдбेрдирд▓े рдкрдиि рдЯ्рд░рдо्рдкрдХो рд╡ैрдзाрдиिрдХрддाрд▓ाрдИ рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдЧрд░्рдЫрди् । ...... рд░ुрд╕рд▓े рд╡ाрд╕िंрдЧрдЯрдирд▓े рдЧрд░्рдиे рдЧрд░ेрдХो рдЭेрд▓ी рд░ рдмрджрдоाрд╕ी рд░ाрдо्рд░ैрд╕ँрдЧ рд╕िрдХेрдХो рдЫ рднрди्рдиेрдоा рджुрдИ рдордд рд░рд╣ेрди, рддрд░ рд╡ाрд╕िंрдЧрдЯрдирдХा рдХрдордЬोрд░ी рд░ рдЕрд╕рдлрд▓рддाрдмाрдЯ рдкाрда рд╕िрдХेрдХो рднрдиे рджेрдЦिँрджैрди । рд╡ाрд╕्рддрд╡рдоा рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХाрд▓े рдкрдиि рдЖрдл्рдиो рдЧрд▓्рддीрдмाрдЯ рдкाрда рд╕िрдХेрдХो рдЫैрди । ........ рдЬрдм рд╡िрджेрд╢ рдоाрдоिрд▓ाрдХो рд╡िрд╖рдп рдЖрдЙँрдЫ, рдРрддिрд╣ाрд╕िрдХ рд░ूрдкрдоा рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдордЮ्рдЪрдоा рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рд╢рдХ्рддिрдХो рд╡्рдпрд╡рд╣ाрд░ рдоूрд▓рддः рднूрд░ाрдЬрдиीрддिрдХ рдПрд╡ं рд░рдгрдиीрддिрдХ рдорд╣рдд्рд╡ाрдХांрдХ्рд╖ा рд░ рдЖрд╡рд╢्рдпрдХрддाрдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рд╕ंрдЪाрд▓िрдд рд╣ुрди्рдЫрди् рди рдХि рд╢ाрд╕рди рдк्рд░рдгाрд▓ीрдмाрдЯ । .......

Taiwan and the Fight for Democracy A Force for Good in the Changing International Order ........ The story of Taiwan is one of resilience—of a country upholding democratic, progressive values while facing a constant challenge to its existence. Our success is a testament to what a determined practitioner of democracy, characterized by good governance and transparency, can achieve....... Yet the story of Taiwan is not only about the maintenance of our own democratic way of life. It is also about the strength and sense of responsibility Taiwan brings to efforts to safeguard the stability of the region and the world.

The Solution to India’s Sikh Protests Lies Abroad To stop the return of separatist violence, New Delhi needs help from Western partners with powerful diaspora communities. ........ In 2020, social unrest returned to the forefront in Punjab, as Sikh and Punjabi farmers organized a mass protest movement in response to national farm laws designed to end state subsidies for farmers and open up agricultural markets. Demonstrators occupied India’s capital for more than a year, ultimately leading the government to withdraw the laws. The farmers’ protest movement received widespread international support and galvanized the Sikh diaspora. The protests were mostly peaceful, and many activists who seek an independent Khalistan have sought change through nonviolent means. But the farmers’ protests, along with recent developments in diaspora communities, seem to have spawned a new generation of militant pro-Khalistan leaders. ......... Singh’s group, which was formed in 2021, has reintroduced a violent political rhetoric that romanticizes the militance of the 1980s. Known as Waris Punjab De, or “heirs of Punjab,” the group is allegedly linked to a new wave of violence, including several encounters with the police. ....... the government has set up roadblocks and limited internet service throughout the state. This crackdown has prompted protests in cities around the world, including in London, San Francisco, and Vancouver. ......... India is likely to ask for assistance in stemming this foreign financing, but it could also seek the extradition of those members of the diaspora who can be held legally responsible for supporting violent separatism in Punjab........... Consider Canada, which has a robust Sikh diaspora mostly concentrated around Toronto. There, elected leaders tend to pursue policies in line with the demands of the diaspora, including providing asylum, dawdling on extradition requests, and largely ignoring fundraising for separatist activities. And as the 2020 farmers’ protests showed, the Sikh and Punjabi diasporas can mobilize broad support against the Indian government on the world stage. ........ even though India staunchly supported U.S.-led efforts in Afghanistan, it was mostly sidelined in negotiations with the Taliban and the 2021 U.S. troop withdrawal

Gautam Adani and the New Indian Capitalism The businessman has roots in Gujarat, but he resembles past Southeast Asian tycoons who formed monopolies through political patronage......... Things were going so well for businessman Gautam Adani. In 2022, he briefly became the world’s second-wealthiest man. At the start of this year, India Today anointed him its newsmaker of the year with a fawning profile, calling him the “growth king.” In January, his conglomerate Adani Group was expected to make a follow-on public offering that would raise as much as $2.4 billion. Adani—the man and the group—seemed invincible.



Tuesday, March 14, 2023

14: Russia, Ukraine

рдорди्рдд्рд░िрдкрд░िрд╖рдж् рдкुрдирд░्рдЧрдарди рдЧрд░्рди рдк्рд░рдЪрдг्рдбрд▓ाрдИ рд╕рдХрд╕, рднाрдЧрдмрдг्рдбा рдоिрд▓ाрдЙрди рдЪुрдиौрддी
рд░ाрд╕्рд╡рдкाрд▓े рдЙрдкрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░рдкрддिрдоा рдЧрдардмрди्рдзрдирдХा рдЙрдо्рдоेрджрд╡ाрд░ рдпाрджрд╡рд▓ाрдИ рдордд рдирджिрдиे
рдЦाрдиेрдкाрдиीрдорди्рдд्рд░ी рдЦांрди рди्рдпूрдпोрд░्рдХ рдЬाрдиे
рдУрд▓ी рднрди्рдЫрди्–резреж рджрд▓рдХा рдиेрддाрдХो рдоाрдирд╕िрдХрддा рдбрд░рд▓ाрдЧ्рджो рдЫ
рдЖрда рджрд▓ीрдп рдЧрдардмрди्рдзрдирдоा рдпрд╕рд░ी рд╣ुँрджैрдЫ рд╕рдд्рддाрдХो рднाрдЧрдмрдг्рдбा
рдЕрд╖्рдЯрд▓рдХ्рд╖्рдоीрд▓े рдЬिрдд्рдиे рд╕рдо्рднाрд╡рдиा рдЫ, рд╕рдмै рдХुрд░ा рднрди्рджा рднрдд्рдХिрди्рдЫ : рдЕрдз्рдпрдХ्рд╖ рдУрд▓ी
рдЬрд╕рдкाрд▓ाрдИ рдаूрд▓ा рд░ рдЬрдирдорддрд▓ाрдИ рд╕ाрдиा рджрд▓рдХो рдЖрд╢